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As scholars and anarchist philosophers have held a range of views on what anarchism means, it is difficult to outline its history unambiguously. Some feel anarchism is a distinct, well-defined movement stemming from 19th-century class conflict , while others identify anarchist traits long before the earliest civilisations existed.
The Principles of Anarchism (c. 1890s) by Lucy Parsons; The Soul of Man under Socialism (1891) by Oscar Wilde; The Conquest of Bread (1892) by Peter Kropotkin; Anarchy Defended by Anarchists (1896) by Emma Goldman and Johann Most (1914–1984) Anarchism: From Theory to Practice (1965) by Daniel Guérin (1985–present) Listen, Anarchist! (1987 ...
Wilhelm Weitling is an example of a writer who added to anarchist theory without using the exact term. [1] The etymological origin of anarchism is from the Ancient Greek anarkhia (ἀναρχία), meaning "without a ruler", composed of the prefix an-("without") and the word arkhos ("leader" or "ruler").
Anarchist bookfair; Anarcho-punk; Arts; DIY ethic; Escuela Moderna; Films; Freeganism; Infoshop; Independent Media Center; The Internationale; Jewish anarchism; Lifestylism; May Day "No gods, no masters" Popular education "Property is theft!" Radical cheerleading; Radical environmentalism; Self-managed social center; Symbolism
Contemporary anarchism, with its shift in focus from class-based oppression to all forms of oppression, began to address race-based oppression in earnest in the 1990s with Black anarchists Lorenzo Ervin and Kuwasi Balagoon, the journal Race Traitor, and movement-building organizations including Love and Rage, Anarchist People of Color, Black ...
Pierre-Joseph Proudhon was the first person known to self-identify as an anarchist, adopting the label in order to provoke those that took anarchy to mean disorder. [53] Proudhon was one of the first people to use the word "anarchy" (French: anarchie) in a positive sense, to mean a free society without government. [54]
Although traces of anarchist ideas are found all throughout history, modern anarchism emerged from the Enlightenment. During the latter half of the 19th and the first decades of the 20th century, the anarchist movement flourished in most parts of the world and had a significant role in workers' struggles for emancipation.
The longest period of human existence - before recorded history - lacked a separate class of established authority or formal political institutions. [1] Long before anarchism emerged as a distinct perspective, human beings lived for thousands of years in self-governing societies without a special ruling or political class. [2]