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In IUPAC nomenclature, an acetyl group is called an ethanoyl group. An acetyl group contains a methyl group (−CH 3) that is single-bonded to a carbonyl (C=O), making it an acyl group. The carbonyl center of an acyl radical has one non-bonded electron with which it forms a chemical bond to the remainder (denoted with the letter R) of the molecule.
Acetylene is a moderately common chemical in the universe, often associated with the atmospheres of gas giants. [50] One curious discovery of acetylene is on Enceladus, a moon of Saturn. Natural acetylene is believed to form from catalytic decomposition of long-chain hydrocarbons at temperatures of 1,700 K (1,430 °C; 2,600 °F) and above ...
Terminal alkynes (RC≡CH, including acetylene itself) can be deprotonated by bases like NaNH 2, BuLi, or EtMgBr to give acetylide anions (RC≡C: – M +, M = Na, Li, MgBr) which can be alkylated by addition to carbonyl groups (Favorskii reaction), ring opening of epoxides, or S N 2-type substitution of unhindered primary alkyl halides.
In organic chemistry, alkynylation is an addition reaction in which a terminal alkyne (−C≡CH) is added to a carbonyl group (C=O) to form an α-alkynyl alcohol (R 2 C(−OH)−C≡C−R). [1] [2] When the acetylide is formed from acetylene (HC≡CH), the reaction gives an α-ethynyl alcohol. This process is often referred to as ethynylation.
The Favorskii reaction is an organic chemistry reaction between an alkyne and a carbonyl group, under basic conditions. The reaction was discovered in the early 1900s by the Russian chemist Alexei Yevgrafovich Favorskii. [1] Favorskii reaction and the possible subsequent rearrangement
It always reacts with carbonyl groups, and cannot be discouraged by any means. When an ester must be reduced in the presence of a carbonyl, hydride attack on the carbonyl must be prevented. One way to do so converts the carbonyl into an acetal, which does not react with hydrides. The acetal is then called a protecting group for the carbonyl ...
For organic chemistry, a carbonyl group is a functional group with the formula C=O, composed of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom, and it is divalent at the C atom. It is common to several classes of organic compounds (such as aldehydes , ketones and carboxylic acids ), as part of many larger functional groups.
Monopotassium and monosodium acetylide can be prepared by reacting acetylene with bases like sodium amide) [11] or the elemental metals, often at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. [10] Copper(I) acetylide can be prepared by passing acetylene through an aqueous solution of copper(I) chloride because of a low solubility equilibrium. [10]