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Countercurrent distribution is a separation process that is founded on the principles of liquid–liquid extraction where a chemical compound is distributed (partitioned) between two immiscible liquid phases (oil and water for example) according to its relative solubility in the two phases.
A high-performance countercurrent chromatography system. Countercurrent chromatography (CCC, also counter-current chromatography) is a form of liquid–liquid chromatography that uses a liquid stationary phase that is held in place by inertia of the molecules composing the stationary phase accelerating toward the center of a centrifuge due to centripetal force [1] and is used to separate ...
Exchange current decantation depicted in centrifugal extractors as 1st stage. Zippe-type centrifuges use countercurrent multiplication between rising and falling convection currents to reduce the number of stages needed in a cascade. Some Centrifugal extractors use counter current exchange mechanisms for extracting high rates of the desired ...
Higher flow rate for same volume size Laboratory scale example: 250 mL centrifugal partition chromatography has optimal flow rate of 5–15 mL/min, 250 mL countercurrent chromatography has optimal flow rate of 1–3 mL/min. Process scale example: 25 L countercurrent chromatography has optimal flow rate of 100–300 ml/min, 25 L centrifugal ...
The number of stages needed in each section of the process would depend on process design requirements (necessary extraction factor). In the case in Fig. 6, four interconnected stages provide a continuous process in which the first stage is a decanting stage. The next two stages show a counter current extraction.
In chemical analysis, chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture into its components. The mixture is dissolved in a fluid solvent (gas or liquid) called the mobile phase , which carries it through a system (a column, a capillary tube, a plate, or a sheet) on which a material called the stationary phase is fixed.
The process was termed "counter-current liquid-liquid extraction." [ 5 ] Martin and Synge described the theory of this technique in reference to continuous fractional distillation described by Randall and Longtin. [ 6 ]
Decanting a liquid from a solid. Decantation is a process for the separation of mixtures of immiscible liquids or of a liquid and a solid mixture such as a suspension. [1] The layer closer to the top of the container—the less dense of the two liquids, or the liquid from which the precipitate or sediment has settled out—is poured off, leaving denser liquid or the solid behind.