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The history of the United States from 1815 to 1849—also called the Middle Period, the Antebellum Era, or the Age of Jackson—involved westward expansion across the American continent, the proliferation of suffrage to nearly all white men, and the rise of the Second Party System of politics between Democrats and Whigs.
With the growing abolitionist movement in Europe and the Americas, the transatlantic slave trade gradually declined until being fully abolished in the second-half of the 19th century. [ 6 ] [ 7 ] According to modern research, roughly 12.5 million enslaved people were transported through the Middle Passage to the Americas. [ 8 ]
In the United States, abolitionism, the movement that sought to end slavery in the country, was active from the colonial era until the American Civil War, the end of which brought about the abolition of American slavery, except as punishment for a crime, through the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution (ratified 1865).
Thomas Garrett (August 21, 1789 – January 25, 1871) was an American abolitionist and leader in the Underground Railroad movement before the American Civil War. He helped more than 2,500 African Americans escape slavery. For his efforts, he was threatened, harassed, and assaulted.
The documentary film, 13th, explores the "intersection of race, justice, and mass incarceration in the United States." [36] Its title alludes to the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, adopted in 1865, which abolished slavery and involuntary servitude in the United States, except as a punishment for a crime. The film asserts ...
While serving as minister, Pennington wrote what is believed to be the first history of African Americans, The Origin and History of the Colored People (1841), drawing on current works of the time. [2] He became deeply involved in the abolition movement. He was selected as a delegate to the Second World Conference on Slavery in London. [14]
Outside influences shaped the intellectual attitude of the Liberty Party, especially after 1844. The abolitionist movement existed within what Ronald G. Walters called a "reform tradition" in American history; many abolitionists, including Liberty leaders, were active in the early feminist, temperance, nonresistant, and utopian socialist movements.
Abolitionism had roots similar to the temperance movement. The publishing of Harriet Beecher Stowe 's Uncle Tom's Cabin , in 1852, galvanized the abolitionist movement. Most debates over slavery, however, had to do with the constitutionality of the extension of slavery rather than its morality.