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A battery charger, recharger, or simply charger, [1] [2] is a device that stores energy in an electric battery by running current through it. The charging protocol—how much voltage , amperes, current, for how long and what to do when charging is complete—depends on the size and type of the battery being charged.
Battery chargers may be strictly manual, or may include controls for time and charging voltage. Battery chargers that apply a high voltage (for example, more than 14.4 volts on a 12-volt nominal system) will result in the emission of hydrogen gas from the battery, which may damage it or create an explosion risk.
A typical 12 V, 40 Ah lead-acid car battery. An automotive battery, or car battery, is a rechargeable battery that is used to start a motor vehicle.. Its main purpose is to provide an electric current to the electric-powered starting motor, which in turn starts the chemically-powered internal combustion engine that actually propels the vehicle.
The actual voltage, matching the car battery's voltage, will be approximately 12.5 volts when dormant (less in cold conditions), approximately 14.5 volts when the engine and the alternator/generator are operating (more when cold), and may briefly drop as low as 5–6 volts during engine start due to the high temporary battery current usage. [12]
As a result of this current, the battery absorbs a charge and its voltage rises. The charger limits the maximum voltage to U max, a constant or temperature-dependent maximum, typically around 2.4 V per cell. Once the U max voltage is reached, typically when the battery is charged to 70–80% of its capacity, [1] the charger enters the Uo-phase ...
Non-contact charging utilizes magnetic resonance to transfer energy in the air between the charger and battery. This achieves a highly efficient energy transformation. [7] As the non-contact charger could keeping charging the vehicle, it allows EVs to have a smaller battery. By itself, it is more economical, safer and more sustainably developed.
A charge controller, charge regulator or battery regulator limits the rate at which electric current is added to or drawn from electric batteries to protect against electrical overload, overcharging, and may protect against overvoltage. [1] [2] This prevents conditions that reduce battery performance or lifespan and may pose a safety risk. It ...
A battery management system (BMS) is any electronic system that manages a rechargeable battery (cell or battery pack) by facilitating the safe usage and a long life of the battery in practical scenarios while monitoring and estimating its various states (such as state of health and state of charge), [1] calculating secondary data, reporting that data, controlling its environment ...