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  2. Pyrrole - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrrole

    Pyrrole is an extremely weak base for an amine, with a conjugate acid pK a of −3.8. The most thermodynamically stable pyrrolium cation (C 4 H 6 N +) is formed by protonation at the 2 position. Substitution of pyrrole with alkyl substituents provides a more basic molecule—for example, tetramethylpyrrole has a conjugate acid pK a of +3.7.

  3. Knorr pyrrole synthesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knorr_pyrrole_synthesis

    The Knorr pyrrole synthesis is a widely used chemical reaction that synthesizes substituted pyrroles (3). [1] [2] [3] The method involves the reaction of an α-amino-ketone (1) and a compound containing an electron-withdrawing group (e.g. an ester as shown) α to a carbonyl group (2). [4] The Knorr pyrrole synthesis

  4. Hantzsch pyrrole synthesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hantzsch_pyrrole_synthesis

    A library of substituted pyrrole analogs can be quickly produced by using continuous flow chemistry (reaction times of around 8 min.). [10] The advantage of using this method, as opposed to the in-flask synthesis, is that this one does not require the work-up and purification of several intermediates, and could therefore lead to a higher ...

  5. Paal–Knorr synthesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paal–Knorr_synthesis

    The amine attacks the other carbonyl to form a 2,5-dihydroxytetrahydropyrrole derivative which undergoes dehydration to give the corresponding substituted pyrrole. [7] Paal–Knorr pyrrole synthesis mechanism. The reaction is typically run under protic or Lewis acidic conditions, with a primary amine.

  6. Rate equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rate_equation

    In chemistry, the rate equation (also known as the rate law or empirical differential rate equation) is an empirical differential mathematical expression for the reaction rate of a given reaction in terms of concentrations of chemical species and constant parameters (normally rate coefficients and partial orders of reaction) only. [1]

  7. Rothemund reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rothemund_reaction

    The Rothemund reaction. The Rothemund reaction is a condensation/oxidation process that converts four pyrroles and four aldehydes into a porphyrin. It is based on work by Paul Rothemund, who first reported it in 1936. [1] The method underpins more modern synthesis such as those described by Adler and Longo and by Lindsey.

  8. Interfacial polymerization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interfacial_polymerization

    As opposed to melt polymerization, interfacial polymerization reactions can be accomplished using standard laboratory equipment and under atmospheric conditions. [3] This first interfacial polymerization was accomplished using the Schotten–Baumann reaction, [3] a method to synthesize amides from amines and acid chlorides.

  9. Schmidt reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schmidt_reaction

    Reaction mechanism for the amine formation from a carboxylic acid via Schmidt reaction. In the reaction mechanism for the Schmidt reaction of ketones , the carbonyl group is activated by protonation for nucleophilic addition by the azide, forming azidohydrin 3 , which loses water in an elimination reaction to diazoiminium 5.