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  2. Hierarchical and recursive queries in SQL - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hierarchical_and_recursive...

    A common table expression, or CTE, (in SQL) is a temporary named result set, derived from a simple query and defined within the execution scope of a SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statement. CTEs can be thought of as alternatives to derived tables ( subquery ), views , and inline user-defined functions.

  3. Insert (SQL) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insert_(SQL)

    Database designers that use a surrogate key as the primary key for every table will run into the occasional scenario where they need to automatically retrieve the database-generated primary key from an SQL INSERT statement for use in other SQL statements. Most systems do not allow SQL INSERT statements to return row data. Therefore, it becomes ...

  4. Merge (SQL) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merge_(SQL)

    A relational database management system uses SQL MERGE (also called upsert) statements to INSERT new records or UPDATE or DELETE existing records depending on whether condition matches. It was officially introduced in the SQL:2003 standard, and expanded [citation needed] in the SQL:2008 standard.

  5. Prepared statement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prepared_statement

    A prepared statement takes the form of a pre-compiled template into which constant values are substituted during each execution, and typically use SQL DML statements such as INSERT, SELECT, or UPDATE. A common workflow for prepared statements is: Prepare: The application creates the statement template and sends it to the DBMS.

  6. Condition (SQL) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condition_(SQL)

    The CASE expression, for example, enables SQL to perform conditional branching within queries, providing a mechanism to return different values based on evaluated conditions. This logic can be particularly useful for data transformation during retrieval, especially in SELECT statements.

  7. SQL syntax - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL_syntax

    Predicates, which specify conditions that can be evaluated to SQL three-valued logic (3VL) (true/false/unknown) or Boolean truth values and are used to limit the effects of statements and queries, or to change program flow. Queries, which retrieve the data based on specific criteria. This is an important element of SQL.

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  9. Data manipulation language - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_manipulation_language

    In SQL, the data manipulation language comprises the SQL-data change statements, [3] which modify stored data but not the schema or database objects. Manipulation of persistent database objects, e.g., tables or stored procedures, via the SQL schema statements, [3] rather than the data stored within them, is considered to be part of a separate data definition language (DDL).