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The Battle of Marathon was a watershed in the Greco-Persian wars, showing the Greeks that the Persians could be beaten; the eventual Greek triumph in these wars can be seen to have begun at Marathon. The battle also showed the Greeks that they were able to win battles without the Spartans, as Sparta was seen as the major military force in Greece.
The only thing stopping the Persians was an army led by King Leonidas I and his 300 Spartans, considered by many to be the greatest soldiers the world has ever known. Vastly outnumbered, the Greek Spartans held up the Persians advance for three days, until they were overrun by Persian forces.
The Battle of Cunaxa was fought in the late summer of 401 BC between the Persian king Artaxerxes II and his brother Cyrus the Younger for control of the Achaemenid throne. The great battle of the revolt of Cyrus took place 70 km north of Babylon , at Cunaxa ( Greek : Κούναξα ), on the left bank of the Euphrates .
Spartans surrounded by Persians, Battle of Thermopylae. 19th century illustration. At dawn, Xerxes made libations, pausing to allow the Immortals sufficient time to descend the mountain, and then began his advance. [97] A Persian force of 10,000 men, comprising light infantry and cavalry, charged at the front of the Greek formation.
As the Persian and Ionian fleets met, the Samians sailed away from the battle, causing the collapse of the Ionian battle line. Although the Chian contingent and a few other ships remained and fought bravely against the Persians, the battle was lost. With the defeat at Lade, the Ionian Revolt was all but ended.
The Battle of Antioch took place in 613 outside Antioch, Turkey between a Byzantine army led by Emperor Heraclius and a Persian Sassanid army under Generals Shahin and Shahrbaraz [citation needed] as part of the Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628. The victorious Persians were able to maintain a hold on the recently taken Byzantine territory.
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The battle of Mycale commenced in the afternoon on the same day as the battle of Plataea, [45] which the historian Paul A. Rahe estimates took place on 27 or 28 August. [46] Hignett also proposes a date in late August. [47] The battle began when the Greek left began fighting with the Persians while their right wing was still crossing the hills.