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A Howell–Jolly body (marked by arrow) within an erythrocyte. A Howell–Jolly body is a cytopathological finding of basophilic nuclear remnants (clusters of DNA) in circulating erythrocytes. During maturation in the bone marrow, late erythroblasts normally expel their nuclei; but, in some cases, a small portion of DNA remains. The presence of ...
Under normal conditions, these nuclear remnants are removed from the blood by the spleen's filtering capabilities. Howell-Jolly bodies can be identified and quantified using a blood smear or by flow cytometry. [2] A high number of Howell-Jolly bodies is indicative of splenic hypofunction and potentially autosplenectomy.
Splenectomy patients typically have Howell-Jolly bodies [11] [12] and less commonly Heinz bodies in their blood smears. [13] Heinz bodies are usually found in cases of G6PD (Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase) and chronic liver disease. [14] A splenectomy also results in a greatly diminished frequency of memory B cells. [15]
Theodor Boveri originally observed the fact that abnormal nuclear morphologies commonly occur in cancer.Micronuclei are also referred to Howell-Jolly bodies; discovered by hematologists William Henry Howell and Justin Marie Jolly in erythrocytes.
Howell-Jolly body-like inclusions (HJBLi) are a hematopathological finding of an inclusion arising from detached DNA nuclear fragment in white blood cells caused by dysplastic granulopoiesis. [1] The inclusion is aptly named for its similar appearance of the Howell–Jolly body in erythrocytes. [2] The term was coined in 1989. [2]
In normal people and many other mammals, which do not have nuclei in their red blood cells, the micronuclei are removed rapidly by the spleen. Hence high frequencies of micronuclei in human peripheral blood indicate a ruptured or absent spleen. In mice, these are not removed, which is the basis for the in vivo micronucleus test.
Post-splenectomy: A major function of the spleen is the clearance of opsonized, deformed, and damaged erythrocytes by splenic macrophages. If splenic macrophage function is abnormal or absent because of splenectomy, altered erythrocytes will not be removed from the circulation efficiently. Therefore, increased numbers of target cells may be ...
Partial splenectomy: Since the spleen is important for protecting against encapsulated organisms, sepsis caused by encapsulated organisms is a possible complication of splenectomy. [7] The option of partial splenectomy may be considered in the interest of preserving immune function. Research on outcomes is currently limited, [7] but favorable. [8]