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A lower motor neuron lesion is a lesion which affects nerve fibers traveling from the lower motor neuron(s) in the anterior horn/anterior grey column of the spinal cord, or in the motor nuclei of the cranial nerves, to the relevant muscle(s). [1]
Motor neuron diseases are on a spectrum in terms of upper and lower motor neuron involvement. [6] Some have just lower or upper motor neuron findings, while others have a mix of both. Lower motor neuron (LMN) findings include muscle atrophy and fasciculations , and upper motor neuron (UMN) findings include hyperreflexia , spasticity, muscle ...
Glutamate released from the upper motor neurons triggers depolarization in the lower motor neurons in the anterior grey column, which in turn causes an action potential to propagate the length of the axon to the neuromuscular junction where acetylcholine is released to carry the signal across the synaptic cleft to the postsynaptic receptors of the muscle cell membrane, signaling the muscle to ...
Damage to either the upper or lower motor neuron, as it makes its way from the brain to muscle, causes different types of symptoms. [23] Damage to the upper motor neuron typically causes spasticity including stiffness and increased tendon reflexes , and/or clonus , while damage to the lower motor neuron typically causes weakness , muscle ...
As a result of lower motor neuron degeneration, the symptoms of PMA include: [citation needed] muscle weakness; muscle atrophy; fasciculations; Some patients have symptoms restricted only to the arms or legs (or in some cases just one of either).
It is caused by a lower motor neuron lesion in the medulla oblongata, or from lesions to these nerves outside the brainstem, and also botulism. This may be caused by any of a number of genetic, vascular, degenerative, inflammatory, and other underlying conditions. It can be differentiated from pseudobulbar palsy.
Lower motor neuron signs—weakness, clumsiness in the muscle group innervated at the level of spinal cord compromise, muscle atrophy, hyporeflexia, muscle hypotonicity or flaccidity, fasciculations; Sensory deficits; Bowel/bladder symptoms and sexual dysfunction
Symptoms include overactive bladder, urinary urgency, frequency, incontinence or difficulty passing urine. [3] A range of diseases or conditions can cause neurogenic bladder including spinal cord injury , multiple sclerosis , stroke , brain injury, spina bifida , peripheral nerve damage, Parkinson's disease , multiple system atrophy or other ...