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A low amount of thyroxine (one of the two thyroid hormones) in the blood, due to lack of dietary iodine to make it, gives rise to high levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), which stimulates the thyroid gland to increase many biochemical processes; the cellular growth and proliferation can result in the characteristic swelling or hyperplasia of the thyroid gland, or goiter.
The mammary gland actively concentrates iodine into milk for the benefit of the developing infant, and may develop a goiter-like hyperplasia, sometimes manifesting as fibrocystic breast disease, when iodine level is low. Studies indicate that iodine deficiency, either dietary or pharmacologic, can lead to breast atypia and increased incidence ...
A deficiency of iodine leads to decreased production of T 3 and T 4 and a concomitant enlargement of the thyroid tissue in an attempt to obtain more iodine, causing the disease goitre. The major form of thyroid hormone in the blood is tetraiodothyronine (T 4), which has a longer life than triiodothyronine (T 3).
It is characterized by high levels of thyroid hormone in the blood along with a low level of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). After diagnosing hyperthyroidism, a thyroid scan can be performed to determine the functionality of the thyroid gland using radioactive iodine. This scan can identify toxic nodules, which appear as a single area of ...
Therefore, its mechanism differs from that of the Wolff–Chaikoff effect, where iodine inhibits the uptake of iodine in thyroid cells and the formation of thyroid hormones, and of the dehalogenase inhibition effect, where high iodine levels block deiodinases and other dehalogenases. [6] [7]
[37] [38] [39] An estimated one-third of the world's population currently lives in areas of low dietary iodine levels. In regions of severe iodine deficiency, the prevalence of goiter is as high as 80%. [40] In areas where iodine-deficiency is not found, the most common type of hypothyroidism is an autoimmune subtype called Hashimoto's ...
T 3 and T 4 are partially composed of iodine, derived from food. [2] A deficiency of iodine leads to decreased production of T 3 and T 4, enlarges the thyroid tissue and will cause the disease known as simple goitre. [3] The major form of thyroid hormone in the blood is thyroxine (T 4), whose half-life of around one week [4] is longer than that ...
The hyperthyroidism usually develops over 2 to 12 weeks following iodine administration. [ 2 ] In some ways the Jod-Basedow phenomenon is the opposite of two physiological compensation mechanisms, the Plummer effect and the Wolff–Chaikoff effect , which in normal persons and in persons with thyroid disease, suppress the thyroid hormone after ...