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  2. List of trigonometric identities - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_trigonometric...

    This allows the two congruent purple-outline triangles and to be constructed, each with hypotenuse ⁡ and angle at their base. The sum of the heights of the red and blue triangles is sin ⁡ θ + sin ⁡ φ {\displaystyle \sin \theta +\sin \varphi } , and this is equal to twice the height of one purple triangle, i.e. 2 sin ⁡ p cos ⁡ q ...

  3. Pythagorean trigonometric identity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pythagorean_trigonometric...

    The angle opposite the leg of length 1 (this angle can be labeled φ = π/2 − θ) has cotangent equal to the length of the other leg, and cosecant equal to the length of the hypotenuse. In that way, this trigonometric identity involving the cotangent and the cosecant also follows from the Pythagorean theorem.

  4. Tangent half-angle formula - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangent_half-angle_formula

    The angle between the horizontal line and the shown diagonal is ⁠ 1 / 2 ⁠ (a + b). This is a geometric way to prove the particular tangent half-angle formula that says tan ⁠ 1 / 2 ⁠ (a + b) = (sin a + sin b) / (cos a + cos b). The formulae sin ⁠ 1 / 2 ⁠ (a + b) and cos ⁠ 1 / 2 ⁠ (a + b) are the ratios of the actual distances to ...

  5. Mnemonics in trigonometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mnemonics_in_trigonometry

    Quadrant 2 (angles from 90 to 180 degrees, or π/2 to π radians): Sine and cosecant functions are positive in this quadrant. Quadrant 3 (angles from 180 to 270 degrees, or π to 3π/2 radians): Tangent and cotangent functions are positive in this quadrant.

  6. Spherical trigonometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spherical_trigonometry

    The cotangent, or four-part, formulae relate two sides and two angles forming four consecutive parts around the triangle, for example (aCbA) or BaCb). In such a set there are inner and outer parts: for example in the set (BaCb) the inner angle is C, the inner side is a, the outer angle is B, the outer side is b.

  7. Proofs of trigonometric identities - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proofs_of_trigonometric...

    This geometric argument relies on definitions of arc length and area, which act as assumptions, so it is rather a condition imposed in construction of trigonometric functions than a provable property. [2] For the sine function, we can handle other values. If θ > π /2, then θ > 1. But sin θ ≤ 1 (because of the Pythagorean identity), so sin ...

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  9. Cost of transport - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cost_of_transport

    It is calculated in one of two ways, both shown in the following definition: C O T ≜ E m g d = P m g v {\displaystyle \mathrm {COT} \triangleq {\frac {E}{mgd}}={\frac {P}{mgv}}} where E {\displaystyle E} is the energy input to the system, which has mass m {\displaystyle m} , that is used to move the system a distance d {\displaystyle d} , and ...