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Motion is laminar, axisymmetric and parallel to the tube's axis; Boundary conditions are: axisymmetry at the centre, and no-slip condition on the wall; Pressure gradient is a periodic function that drives the fluid; Gravitation has no effect on the fluid. Thus, the Navier-Stokes equation and the continuity equation are simplified as
The arm–leg (blood pressure) gradient is the difference between the blood pressure measured in the arms and that measured in the legs. It is normally less than 10 mm Hg, [36] but may be increased in e.g. coarctation of the aorta. [36]
Cardiac (ventricular) systole: Both AV valves (tricuspid in the right heart (light-blue), mitral in the left heart (pink)) are closed by back-pressure as the ventricles are contracted and their blood volumes are ejected through the newly-opened pulmonary valve (dark-blue arrow) and aortic valve (dark-red arrow) into the pulmonary trunk and ...
The pressure applied within the probe is independent of the volume of the finger, based on use of the outer pre-tensioned membrane, and governed by the Young–Laplace equation. The pneumatic sensing probe, senses finger blood volume changes based on pressure changes within a conventional constant volume, variable pressure pneumatic system ...
It can be used to demonstrate effects of drugs on the venous tone while the circulating blood volume remains constant, [5] or to measure haemodynamic changes during haemorrhage. [ 6 ] Mean systemic pressure increases if there is an increase in blood volume or if there is a decrease in venous compliance (where blood is shifted from the veins to ...
Pulse pressure is calculated as the difference between the systolic blood pressure and the diastolic blood pressure. [3] [4]The systemic pulse pressure is approximately proportional to stroke volume, or the amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle during systole (pump action) and inversely proportional to the compliance (similar to elasticity) of the aorta.
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Vasomotion is the spontaneous oscillation in tone of blood vessel walls, independent of heart beat, innervation or respiration. [1] While vasomotion was first observed by Thomas Wharton Jones in 1852, the complete mechanisms responsible for its generation and its physiological importance remain to be elucidated.