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Crucifixion is a method of capital punishment in which the condemned is tied or nailed to a large wooden cross, beam or stake and left to hang until eventual death. [1] [2] It was used as a punishment by the Persians, Carthaginians, and Romans, [1] among others. Crucifixion has been used in some countries as recently as the 21st century. [3]
Crucifixion of Jesus on a two-beamed cross, from the Sainte Bible (1866) Torture stake, a simple wooden torture stake. Image by Justus Lipsius . Whereas most Christians believe the gibbet on which Jesus was executed was the traditional two-beamed cross, the Jehovah's Witnesses hold the view that a single upright stake was used.
The Christian cross, seen as representing the crucifixion of Jesus, is a symbol of Christianity. [1] It is related to the crucifix, a cross that includes a corpus (a representation of Jesus' body, usually three-dimensional) and to the more general family of cross symbols.
The Koine Greek terms used in the New Testament of the structure on which Jesus died are stauros (σταυρός) and xylon (ξύλον).These words, which can refer to many different things, do not indicate the precise shape of the structure; scholars have long known that the Greek word stauros and the Latin word crux did not uniquely mean a cross, but could also be used to refer to one, and ...
Since the Renaissance the "S"-shape is generally much less pronounced. Eastern Christian blessing crosses will often have the Crucifixion depicted on one side, and the Resurrection on the other, illustrating Eastern Orthodox theology's understanding of the Crucifixion and Resurrection as two intimately related aspects of the same act of salvation.
Christ Crucified by Giotto, c. 1310. According to Christian tradition, the True Cross is the real cross on which Jesus of Nazareth was crucified.. It is related by numerous historical accounts and legends that Helen, the mother of Roman emperor Constantine the Great, recovered the True Cross at the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem, when she travelled to the Holy Land in the years 326–328.
Altar at the traditional site of Golgotha The altar at the traditional site of Golgotha Chapel of Mount Calvary, painted by Luigi Mayer. The English names Calvary and Golgotha derive from the Vulgate Latin Calvariae, Calvariae locus and locum (all meaning "place of the Skull" or "a Skull"), and Golgotha used by Jerome in his translations of Matthew 27:33, [2] Mark 15:22, [3] Luke 23:33, [4 ...
29 AD: Jesus is executed by crucifixion, according to Roman Catholic tradition. [7] and Tertullian's chronology. [8] 30 AD: 7 April (Good Friday) – Jesus is crucified (according to one dating scheme). He is later reported alive by his disciples. 33 AD: April 3 – According to Colin Humphrey's account, Jesus of Nazareth's Last Supper takes ...