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These different types of diversity may not be independent. There is, for example, a close link between vertebrate taxonomic and ecological diversity. [12] Other authors tried to organize the measurements of biodiversity in the following way: [13] traditional diversity measures species density, take into account the number of species in an area
An example of the biodiversity of fungi in a forest in North Saskatchewan (in this photo, there are also leaf lichens and mosses). Biodiversity is the variability of life on Earth. It can be measured on various levels. There is for example genetic variability, species diversity, ecosystem diversity and phylogenetic diversity. [1]
Ecosystems are complex and ecological indicators can help describe them in simpler terms that can be understood and used by non-scientists to make management decisions. For example, the number of different beetle taxa found in a field can be used as an indicator of biodiversity. Many different types of indicators have been developed.
Forest ecology is the scientific study of the interrelated patterns, processes, flora, fauna, funga, and ecosystems in forests. [1] The management of forests is known as forestry, silviculture, and forest management.
For example, relative species abundances might describe all terrestrial birds in a forest community or all planktonic copepods in a particular marine environment. Relative species abundances follow very similar patterns over a wide range of ecological communities.
SAD is a measurement of how common, or rare species are within an ecosystem. [5] This allows researchers to assess how different species are distributed throughout an ecosystem. SAD is one of the most basic measurements in ecology and is used very often, therefore many different methods of measurement and analysis have developed. [5]
In ecology, alpha diversity (α-diversity) is the mean species diversity in a site at a local scale. The term was introduced by R. H. Whittaker [1] [2] together with the terms beta diversity (β-diversity) and gamma diversity (γ-diversity).
Global biodiversity is the measure of biodiversity on planet Earth and is defined as the total variability of life forms. More than 99 percent of all species [ 1 ] that ever lived on Earth are estimated to be extinct .