Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
Let M be a smooth manifold. A (smooth) singular k-simplex in M is defined as a smooth map from the standard simplex in R k to M. The group C k (M, Z) of singular k-chains on M is defined to be the free abelian group on the set of singular k-simplices in M. These groups, together with the boundary map, ∂, define a chain complex.
Symplectic manifolds arise from classical mechanics; in particular, they are a generalization of the phase space of a closed system. [1] In the same way the Hamilton equations allow one to derive the time evolution of a system from a set of differential equations, the symplectic form should allow one to obtain a vector field describing the flow of the system from the differential of a ...
It follows that is a regular value of , so () and its quotient / are both smooth manifolds. The quotient inherits a symplectic form from M {\displaystyle M} ; that is, there is a unique symplectic form on the quotient whose pullback to μ − 1 ( 0 ) {\displaystyle \mu ^{-1}(0)} equals the restriction of ω {\displaystyle \omega } to μ − 1 ...
An illustration of Stokes' theorem, with surface Σ, its boundary ∂Σ and the normal vector n.The direction of positive circulation of the bounding contour ∂Σ, and the direction n of positive flux through the surface Σ, are related by a right-hand-rule (i.e., the right hand the fingers circulate along ∂Σ and the thumb is directed along n).
In mathematics, differential topology is the field dealing with the topological properties and smooth properties [a] of smooth manifolds.In this sense differential topology is distinct from the closely related field of differential geometry, which concerns the geometric properties of smooth manifolds, including notions of size, distance, and rigid shape.
Important to applications in mathematics and physics [1] is the notion of a flow on a manifold. In particular, if is a smooth manifold and is a smooth vector field, one is interested in finding integral curves to .
Conversely, given any contact manifold M, the product M×R has a natural structure of a symplectic manifold. If α is a contact form on M, then ω = d(e t α) is a symplectic form on M×R, where t denotes the variable in the R-direction. This new manifold is called the symplectization (sometimes symplectification in the literature) of the ...
Lee, John M., Introduction to Smooth Manifolds, Springer-Verlag, New York (2003) ISBN 0-387-95495-3.Graduate-level textbook on smooth manifolds. Hwa-Chung, Lee, "The Universal Integral Invariants of Hamiltonian Systems and Application to the Theory of Canonical Transformations", Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.