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In political science, economic voting is a theoretical perspective which argues that voter behavior is heavily influenced by the economic conditions in their country at the time of the election. According to the classical form of this perspective, voters tend to vote more in favor of the incumbent candidate and party when the economy is doing ...
Political psychology – Interdisciplinary study of the relationship between political and psychological processes; Voting behavior – How voters decide how to vote; Public opinion – Aggregate of individual attitudes or beliefs held by the adult population; Attitude (psychology) – Concept in psychology and communication studies
Survey, often with a random sample (see survey sampling) Twin study; Research designs vary according to the period(s) of time over which data are collected: Retrospective cohort study: Participants are chosen, then data are collected about their past experiences.
The voting paradox, for example, points out that it cannot be in a citizen's self-interest to vote because the effort it takes to vote will almost always outweigh the benefits of voting, particularly considering a single vote is unlikely to change an electoral outcome. Political scientists instead propose that citizens vote for psychological or ...
Voting behavior is significantly influenced by retrospective assessments of government performance, which should be differentiated from the influence of policy issues. [43] Different opinions on what the government ought to do are involved in policy concerns, which are prospective or based on what will happen.
A third problem that can complicate issue voting is if there are multiple issues that are equally salient to the voter. [48] A candidate may have a similar position to a given voter on one issue, but may take a considerably different stance on another. [49] [50] An example of this occurred in the 2008 US presidential election.
This theory is based on the idea that voters view the act of voting as a means of selecting a government. Thus they will sometimes not choose the candidate they prefer on ground of ideology or sympathy, but another, less-preferred, candidate from strategic considerations. An example can be found in the 1997 United Kingdom general election.
[4] [6] Retrospective polls showed that a majority of Americans continued to approve of the Reagan presidency in the years and decades that followed it. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Retrospective approval ratings