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  2. Ecosystem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystem

    An ecosystem (or ecological system) is a system that environments and their organisms form through their interaction. [2]: 458 The biotic and abiotic components are linked together through nutrient cycles and energy flows. Ecosystems are controlled by external and internal factors.

  3. Ecosystem ecology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystem_ecology

    Ecosystem ecology is the integrated study of living and non-living components of ecosystems and their interactions within an ecosystem framework. This science examines how ecosystems work and relates this to their components such as chemicals , bedrock , soil , plants , and animals .

  4. Ecology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecology

    Ecosystems are dynamically interacting systems of organisms, the communities they make up, and the non-living components of their environment. Ecosystem processes, such as primary production , nutrient cycling , and niche construction , regulate the flux of energy and matter through an environment.

  5. Lake ecosystem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_ecosystem

    A lake ecosystem or lacustrine ecosystem includes biotic (living) plants, animals and micro-organisms, ... Wetlands can be part of the lentic system, as they form ...

  6. Forest - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forest

    A forest consists of many components that can be broadly divided into two categories: biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living). The living parts include trees, shrubs, vines, grasses and other herbaceous (non-woody) plants, mosses, algae, fungi, insects, mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and microorganisms living on the plants and animals ...

  7. Abiotic component - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abiotic_component

    In biology and ecology, abiotic components or abiotic factors are non-living chemical and physical parts of the environment that affect living organisms and the functioning of ecosystems. Abiotic factors and the phenomena associated with them underpin biology as a whole.

  8. Energy flow (ecology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_flow_(ecology)

    A graphic representation of energy transfer between trophic layers in an ecosystem. Energy flow is the flow of energy through living things within an ecosystem. [1] All living organisms can be organized into producers and consumers, and those producers and consumers can further be organized into a food chain.

  9. Marine ecosystem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_ecosystem

    Coastal marine ecosystems experience growing population pressures with nearly 40% of people in the world living within 100 km of the coast. [64] Humans often aggregate near coastal habitats to take advantage of ecosystem services.