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HashClash was a volunteer computing project running on the Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing (BOINC) software platform to find collisions in the MD5 hash algorithm. [1] It was based at Department of Mathematics and Computer Science at the Eindhoven University of Technology , and Marc Stevens initiated the project as part of his ...
There are roughly two types of collision attacks: Classical collision attack Find two different messages m 1 and m 2 such that hash(m 1) = hash(m 2). More generally: Chosen-prefix collision attack Given two different prefixes p 1 and p 2, find two suffixes s 1 and s 2 such that hash(p 1 ∥ s 1) = hash(p 2 ∥ s 2), where ∥ denotes the ...
A collision attack exists that can find collisions within seconds on a computer with a 2.6 GHz Pentium 4 processor (complexity of 2 24.1). [19] Further, there is also a chosen-prefix collision attack that can produce a collision for two inputs with specified prefixes within seconds, using off-the-shelf computing hardware (complexity 2 39). [20]
The impact of collisions depends on the application. When hash functions and fingerprints are used to identify similar data, such as homologous DNA sequences or similar audio files, the functions are designed so as to maximize the probability of collision between distinct but similar data, using techniques like locality-sensitive hashing. [7]
In February 2017, the first known successful SHA-1 collision attack in practice (termed "SHAttered") was recognized. Marc Stevens was first-credited in the subsequent paper [ 6 ] along with CWI Amsterdam colleague Pierre Karpman, and researchers Elie Bursztein, Ange Albertini, Yarik Markov, Alex Petit Bianco, Clement Baisse [ 7 ] from Google .
MD5 was designed by Ronald Rivest in 1991 to replace an earlier hash function, MD4, and was specified in 1992 as RFC 1321. Collisions against MD5 can be calculated within seconds, which makes the algorithm unsuitable for most use cases where a cryptographic hash is required. MD5 produces a digest of 128 bits (16 bytes).
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This property is sometimes referred to as weak collision resistance. Functions that lack this property are vulnerable to second pre-image attacks. Collision resistance: it should be hard to find two different messages m 1 and m 2 such that hash(m 1) = hash(m 2). Such a pair is called a (cryptographic) hash collision.