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A specific latent heat (L) expresses the amount of energy in the form of heat (Q) required to completely effect a phase change of a unit of mass (m), usually 1 kg, of a substance as an intensive property: =. Intensive properties are material characteristics and are not dependent on the size or extent of the sample.
Molar specific heat capacity (isochoric) C nV = / J⋅K⋅ −1 mol −1: ML 2 T −2 Θ −1 N −1: Specific latent heat: L = / J⋅kg −1: L 2 T −2: Ratio of isobaric to isochoric heat capacity, heat capacity ratio, adiabatic index, Laplace coefficient
Substituting into the Clapeyron equation =, we can obtain the Clausius–Clapeyron equation [8]: 509 = for low temperatures and pressures, [8]: 509 where is the specific latent heat of the substance. Instead of the specific, corresponding molar values (i.e. L {\displaystyle L} in kJ/mol and R = 8.31 J/(mol⋅K)) may also be used.
Enthalpies of melting and boiling for pure elements versus temperatures of transition, demonstrating Trouton's rule. In thermodynamics, the enthalpy of fusion of a substance, also known as (latent) heat of fusion, is the change in its enthalpy resulting from providing energy, typically heat, to a specific quantity of the substance to change its state from a solid to a liquid, at constant pressure.
The specific heat capacity of a substance, usually denoted by or , is the heat capacity of a sample of the substance, divided by the mass of the sample: [10] = =, where represents the amount of heat needed to uniformly raise the temperature of the sample by a small increment .
The Bowen ratio is calculated by the equation: =, where is sensible heating and is latent heating. In this context, when the magnitude of is less than one, a greater proportion of the available energy at the surface is passed to the atmosphere as latent heat than as sensible heat, and the converse is true for values of greater than one.
Only one equation of state will not be sufficient to reconstitute the fundamental equation. All equations of state will be needed to fully characterize the thermodynamic system. Note that what is commonly called "the equation of state" is just the "mechanical" equation of state involving the Helmholtz potential and the volume:
In mathematics and physics, the heat equation is a certain partial differential equation. The theory of the heat equation was first developed by Joseph Fourier in 1822 for the purpose of modeling how a quantity such as heat diffuses through a given region. Since then, the heat equation and its variants have been found to be fundamental in many ...