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  2. Crenation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crenation

    Crenation (from modern Latin crenatus meaning "scalloped or notched", from popular Latin crena meaning "notch") [1] in botany and zoology, describes an object's shape, especially a leaf or shell, as being round-toothed or having a scalloped edge.

  3. Acanthocyte - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acanthocyte

    Acanthocytes, from peripheral blood, under light microscopy. Note the irregularly shaped, non-circular cells in the image. Acanthocyte (from the Greek word ἄκανθα acantha, meaning 'thorn'), in biology and medicine, refers to an abnormal form of red blood cell that has a spiked cell membrane, due to thorny projections.

  4. Hemolysis (microbiology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemolysis_(microbiology)

    Beta-hemolysis (β-hemolysis), sometimes called complete hemolysis, is a complete lysis of red cells in the media around and under the colonies: the area appears lightened (yellow) and transparent. [1]

  5. Plasmolysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasmolysis

    The equivalent process in animal cells is called crenation. The liquid content of the cell leaks out due to exosmosis. The cell collapses, and the cell membrane pulls away from the cell wall (in plants). Most animal cells consist of only a phospholipid bilayer (plasma membrane) and not a cell wall, therefore shrinking up under such conditions.

  6. Red blood cell - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_blood_cell

    The red blood cell membrane is composed of 3 layers: the glycocalyx on the exterior, which is rich in carbohydrates; the lipid bilayer which contains many transmembrane proteins, besides its lipidic main constituents; and the membrane skeleton, a structural network of proteins located on the inner surface of the lipid bilayer. Half of the ...

  7. Hemolysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemolysis

    A red blood cell in a hypotonic solution, causing water to move into the cell A red blood cell in a hypertonic solution, causing water to move out of the cell. Hemolysis or haemolysis (/ h iː ˈ m ɒ l ɪ s ɪ s /), [1] also known by several other names, is the rupturing of red blood cells (erythrocytes) and the release of their contents into surrounding fluid (e.g. blood plasma).

  8. Erythrocyte aggregation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erythrocyte_aggregation

    Erythrocyte aggregation is a physiological phenomenon that takes places in normal blood under low-flow conditions or at stasis. The presence or increased concentrations of acute phase proteins, particularly fibrinogen, results in enhanced erythrocyte aggregation.

  9. Echinocyte - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echinocyte

    Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of echinocytes Echinocyte compared to other forms of poikilocytosis. Echinocyte (from the Greek word echinos, meaning 'hedgehog' or 'sea urchin'), in human biology and medicine, refers to a form of red blood cell that has an abnormal cell membrane characterized by many small, evenly spaced thorny projections.