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Boat shoes (also known as deck shoes or top-siders) are typically canvas or leather with non-marking rubber soles designed for use on a boat. A siping pattern is cut into the soles to provide grip on a wet deck; the leather construction, along with the application of oil, is designed to repel water; and the stitching is highly durable.
Vibram S.p.A. is an Italian company based in Albizzate, Italy, that both manufactures and licenses the production of Vibram-branded rubber outsoles for footwear.The company is named after its founder, Vitale Bramani, [1] who is credited with inventing the first rubber lug soles. [2]
The outsole is the layer in direct contact with the ground. Dress shoes often have leather or resin rubber outsoles; casual or work-oriented shoes have outsoles made of natural rubber or a synthetic material like polyurethane. The outsole may comprise a single piece or may be an assembly of separate pieces, often of different materials.
Recycling codes on products. Recycling codes are used to identify the materials out of which the item is made, to facilitate easier recycling process.The presence on an item of a recycling code, a chasing arrows logo, or a resin code, is not an automatic indicator that a material is recyclable; it is an explanation of what the item is made of.
There are several types and grades of rubber crepe, mainly distinguished by the grade and pre-processing of the latex used in their manufacture. [2] Pale latex crepe (PLC) is a premium grade, made from raw field latex. Estate brown crepe (EBC) is made from "cup lump" (raw, naturally coagulated rubber from the collection cup) and other coagula.
Plastic cleats are similar to rubber spikes. However, they feature a hard bottom and thick hard plastic spikes, with few to no grooves at all, and instead of the edge of the sole, the spikes compose the outsole of the shoe where the toes and ball of the foot would hit the ground during running, similar to track spikes and football cleats.
Galoshes are overshoes, and not to be confused with the form of large slip-on rubber boots (known in the United Kingdom as Wellington boots). A protective layer (made variously of leather, rubber, or synthetic ripstop material) that only wraps around a shoe's upper is known as a spat or gaiter.
The components of a Goodyear welted shoe. A Goodyear welt is a strip of leather, rubber, or plastic that runs along the perimeter of a shoe outsole. [1] The basic principle behind the Goodyear welt machine was invented in 1862 by Auguste Destouy, who designed a machine with a curved needle to stitch turned shoes.