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In the early modern period, colleges were established by various Catholic orders, notably the Oratorians.In parallel, universities further developed in France. Louis XIV's Ordonnance royale sur les écoles paroissiales of 13 December 1698 obliged parents to send their children to the village schools until their 14th year of age, ordered the villages to organise these schools, and set the wages ...
Jules Ferry.. The Jules Ferry Laws are a set of French laws which established free education in 1881, then mandatory and laic (secular) education in 1882. Jules Ferry, a lawyer holding the office of Minister of Public Instruction in the 1880s, is widely credited for creating the modern Republican school (l'école républicaine).
Eighteen million pupils and students, a quarter of the population, are in the education system, over 2.9 million of whom are in higher education. [48] In 2000, the French Education Minister reported that only 39 out of 75,000 state schools were "seriously violent" and some 300 were "somewhat violent". [49]
Until 1879, the normal schools for boys and girls provided mainly moral and religious education. During the Restoration (1814–1830) and then the July Monarchy (1830–1848), the number of normal schools for boys reached 13 in 1829, 47 in 1832, [4] and 56 on June 28, 1833, according to the table [5] drawn up by the Minister François Guizot on July 24, 1833, in his circular letter to the ...
The first Textbook War was an education-related conflict in France between 1882 and 1883, after the secularization of primary education materials by the Ferry law on March 28, 1882. The conflict focused on four civics textbooks designated for use in the recently established
A general view of the present system of public education in France : and of the laws, regulations, and courses of study in the different faculties, colleges, and inferior schools, which now compose the Royal University of that kingdom : preceded by a short history of the University of Paris before the Revolution (1827) online; Weisz, George.
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Primary schools generally use a 10-point grading scale or a letter grade. [citation needed] The European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System (ECTS) scale is gaining popularity in the post-secondary education system [citation needed], since it is the standard for comparing study performance throughout the European Union. The GPA grading ...