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Priestia megaterium [1] (Bacillus megaterium prior to 2020) [2] is a rod-like, Gram-positive, mainly aerobic, spore forming bacterium found in widely diverse habitats. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] It has a cell length up to 100 μm and a diameter of 0.1 μm, which is quite large for bacteria. [ 5 ]
Bacillus megaterium has been shown to cause about an 80% decrease in disease development in the trials done so far. [17] Pseudomonads are also a promising bacterial control option. A benefit to using pseudomonads or bacillus is that they are not harmed by most fungicides, so they can be used in combination with chemical controls. [17]
Plant diseases are diseases in plants caused by pathogens (infectious organisms) and environmental conditions (physiological factors). [1] Organisms that cause infectious disease include fungi , oomycetes , bacteria , viruses , viroids , virus -like organisms, phytoplasmas , protozoa , nematodes and parasitic plants . [ 2 ]
Two invalidly published species, "Bacillus pseudoflexus" and "Bacillus zanthoxyli", are also found to group with other members of Priestia in phylogenetic trees, as well as share the same molecular markers in the form of CSIs. [1] Their transfer was not officially proposed, though, due to the lack of culture strain information.
Plant disease triangle. Epidemiology is the study of factors affecting the outbreak and spread of infectious diseases. [10] A disease triangle describes the basic factors required for plant diseases. These are the host plant, the pathogen, and the environment. Any one of these can be modified to control a disease. [11]
Bacterial soft rots are caused by several types of bacteria, but most commonly by species of gram-negative bacteria, Erwinia, Pectobacterium, and Pseudomonas. It is a destructive disease of fruits, vegetables, and ornamentals found worldwide, and affects genera from nearly all the plant families.
Race T is infectious to corn plants with the Texas male sterile cytoplasm (cms-T maize) and this vulnerability was the cause of the United States SCLB epidemic of 1969-1970 [2] For this reason, Race T is of particular interest. While SCLB thrives in warm, damp climates, the disease can be found in many of the world's maize-growing areas. [3]
An endospore stain of the cell Bacillus subtilis showing endospores as green and the vegetative cell as red Phase-bright endospores of Paenibacillus alvei imaged with phase-contrast microscopy. An endospore is a dormant, tough, and non-reproductive structure produced by some bacteria in the phylum Bacillota.