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Delocalizing the radical ion stabilizes the transition state structure. As a result, the energy of activation decreases, enhancing the rate of the overall reaction. According to the captodative effect, the rate of a reaction is the greatest when both the EDG and EWG are able to delocalize the radical ion in the transition state structure. [7]
An electron donating group (EDG) or electron releasing group (ERG, Z in structural formulas) is an atom or functional group that donates some of its electron density into a conjugated π system via resonance (mesomerism) or inductive effects (or induction)—called +M or +I effects, respectively—thus making the π system more nucleophilic.
A real estate license must be obtained from the DRE in order to engage in the real estate business and to act in the capacity of a real estate broker or salesperson within the State of California. Before applying for a license, all education and experience requirements mandated by the Department must be fulfilled. [ 5 ]
The California Real Estate Act has two core components: licensing and enforcement. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Both licensing and enforcement functions are required by the Appraisal Subcommittee (ASC), the federal government organization which oversees all state real estate appraiser licensing agencies.
[11] [page needed]) For ortho-para directing groups (electron donating group or EDG), σ’ more positive than σ meta and σ para. The difference between σ para and σ’ (σ para – σ’) is greater than that between σ meta and σ’(σ meta − σ’). This is expected as electron resonance effects are felt more strongly at the p-positions.
There's a big difference between the "average" married couple and the "above-average" ones. While some are figuring out how to balance a budget, others plan early retirements, buy vacation homes ...
Taxes can be confusing. But it's important to understand how real estate and property taxes work, especially if you own land, a home or a vehicle. While many people use the terms interchangeably ...
Prompted by the arrival of the railroads, dozens of "paper towns" were platted and marketed between 1884 and the peak of the boom in July 1887, but the collapse of the market in 1888 meant that many of the planned communities went unbuilt. Some of the 1880s developments later grew into notable communities, others quickly vanished into history ...