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  2. Decoction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decoction

    It is the most common preparation method in various herbal medicine systems. Decoction involves first drying the plant material; then mashing, slicing, or cutting the material to allow for maximum dissolution; and finally boiling in water to extract oils, volatile organic compounds and other various chemical substances. [1]

  3. Medicinal plants - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicinal_plants

    Medicinal plants, also called medicinal herbs, have been discovered and used in traditional medicine practices since prehistoric times. Plants synthesize hundreds of chemical compounds for various functions, including defense and protection against insects , fungi , diseases , and herbivorous mammals .

  4. Herbal medicine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbal_medicine

    Paraherbalism is the pseudoscientific use of extracts of plant or animal origin as supposed medicines or health-promoting agents. [1] [6] [7] Phytotherapy differs from plant-derived medicines in standard pharmacology because it does not isolate and standardize the compounds from a given plant believed to be biologically active. It relies on the ...

  5. Pharmacognosy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacognosy

    phytotherapy: the study of medicinal use of plant extracts; phytochemistry: the study of chemicals derived from plants (including the identification of new drug candidates derived from plant sources); zoopharmacognosy: the process by which animals self-medicate, by selecting and using plants, soils, and insects to treat and prevent disease;

  6. Alkaloid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaloid

    In the acidic extraction, the raw plant material is processed by a weak acidic solution (e.g., acetic acid in water, ethanol, or methanol). A base is then added to convert alkaloids to basic forms that are extracted with organic solvent (if the extraction was performed with alcohol, it is removed first, and the remainder is dissolved in water).

  7. List of plants used in herbalism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_plants_used_in...

    The plant extract showed antibacterial and anticandidal activities and moderate antifungal activity. [141] Silybum marianum: Milk thistle: It has been used for thousands of years for a variety of medicinal purposes, in particular liver problems. [142] Stachytarpheta cayennensis: Blue snakeweed Extracts of the plant are used to ease the symptoms ...

  8. Chinese herbology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_herbology

    There are roughly 13,000 medicinals used in China and over 100,000 medicinal recipes recorded in the ancient literature. [14] Plant elements and extracts are by far the most common elements used. [15] In the classic Handbook of Traditional Drugs from 1941, 517 drugs were listed – out of these, only 45 were animal parts, and 30 were minerals. [15]

  9. Tincture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tincture

    A tincture is typically an extract of plant or animal material dissolved in ethanol (ethyl alcohol). Solvent concentrations of 25–60% are common, but may run as high as 90%. [1] In chemistry, a tincture is a solution that has ethanol as its solvent.

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