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A political science model based on rational choice used to explain why citizens do or do not vote. The alternative equation is V = pB + D > C. Where for voting to occur the (P)robability the vote will matter "times" the (B)enefit of one candidate winning over another combined with the feeling of civic (D)uty, must be greater than the (C)ost of ...
In mathematics and political science, the quota rule describes a desired property of proportional apportionment methods. It says that the number of seats allocated to a party should be equal to their entitlement plus or minus one.
An alternative formula was proposed by Grigorii Golosov in 2010. [9]= = + which is equivalent – if we only consider parties with at least one vote/seat – to = = + (/) Here, n is the number of parties, the square of each party's proportion of all votes or seats, and is the square of the largest party's proportion of all votes or seats.
Now suppose we send in the two extra voters. The probability that they change an incorrect majority to a correct majority is (1-p)p 2, while the probability that they change a correct majority to an incorrect majority is p(1-p) 2. The first of these probabilities is greater than the second if and only if p > 1/2, proving the theorem.
Say there are p parties and s seats. Then a grid of numbers can be created, with p rows and s columns, where the entry in the i th row and j th column is the number of votes won by the i th party, divided by j. The s winning entries are the s highest numbers in the whole grid; each party is given as many seats as there are winning entries in ...
Here’s what the letters represent: A is the amount of money in your account. P is your principal balance you invested. R is the annual interest rate expressed as a decimal. N is the number of ...
For each 'bad' path P, define a new path P′ by reflecting the part of P up to the first point it touches the line across it. P′ is a path from (−1, 1) to (p, q). The same operation applied again restores the original P. This produces a one-to-one correspondence between the 'bad' paths and the paths from (−1, 1) to (p, q).
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