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  2. Secondary metabolite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_metabolite

    The main synthetic pathways of secondary metabolite production in bacteria are; b-lactam, oligosaccharide, shikimate, polyketide and non-ribosomal pathways. [39] Many bacterial secondary metabolites are toxic to mammals. When secreted those poisonous compounds are known as exotoxins whereas those found in the prokaryotic cell wall are endotoxins.

  3. Secondary metabolism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_metabolism

    Secondary metabolites are produced by many microbes, plants, fungi and animals, usually living in crowded habitats, where chemical defense represents a better option than physical escape. [2] It is very hard to distinguish primary and secondary metabolites due to often overlapping of the intermediates and pathways of primary and secondary ...

  4. Plant secondary metabolism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_secondary_metabolism

    Primary metabolism in a plant comprises all metabolic pathways that are essential to the plant's survival. Primary metabolites are compounds that are directly involved in the growth and development of a plant whereas secondary metabolites are compounds produced in other metabolic pathways that, although important, are not essential to the functioning of the plant.

  5. Acetate pathway - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetate_pathway

    The acetate pathway, also known as the polyketide pathway, is a fundamental biosynthetic route in organisms for the production of fatty acids and polyketides. This pathway operates at the interface of central metabolism and specialized metabolite synthesis, playing a crucial role in the synthesis of both primary and secondary metabolites. [2 ...

  6. Metabolite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolite

    In biochemistry, a metabolite is an intermediate or end product of metabolism. [1] The term is usually used for small molecules.Metabolites have various functions, including fuel, structure, signaling, stimulatory and inhibitory effects on enzymes, catalytic activity of their own (usually as a cofactor to an enzyme), defense, and interactions with other organisms (e.g. pigments, odorants, and ...

  7. Metabolic gene cluster - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolic_gene_cluster

    They are most widely known for producing secondary metabolites, the source or basis of most pharmaceutical compounds, natural toxins, chemical communication, and chemical warfare between organisms. Metabolic gene clusters are also involved in nutrient acquisition, toxin degradation, [ 7 ] antimicrobial resistance, and vitamin biosynthesis. [ 5 ]

  8. Polyketide synthase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyketide_synthase

    Polyketide synthases (PKSs) are a family of multi-domain enzymes or enzyme complexes that produce polyketides, a large class of secondary metabolites, in bacteria, fungi, plants, and a few animal lineages. The biosyntheses of polyketides share striking similarities with fatty acid biosynthesis. [1] [2]

  9. Biosurfactant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosurfactant

    As a secondary metabolite of microorganisms, biosurfactants can be processed by the cultivation of biosurfactant producing microorganisms in the stationary phase on many sorts of low-priced substrates like biochar, plant oils, carbohydrates, wastes, etc. High-level production of biosurfactants can be controlled by regulation of environmental ...