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Social learning refers to learning that is facilitated by observation of, or interaction with, another animal or its products. [1] Social learning has been observed in a variety of animal taxa, [2] [3] such as insects, [4] fish, [5] birds, [6] reptiles, amphibians [7] and mammals (including primates [8]).
Commensalism benefits one organism and the other organism is neither benefited nor harmed. It occurs when one organism takes benefits by interacting with another organism by which the host organism is not affected. A good example is a remora living with a manatee. Remoras feed on the manatee's faeces.
Group living may sometimes be confused with collective animal behavior. Collective animal behavior is the study of how the interactions between individuals of a group give rise to group level patterns and how these patterns have evolved. [5] Examples include the marching of locusts and flocks of migrating birds.
Social bonding is observed in many interspecies interactions such as those between humans and their household pets, humans and primates, and many other animals in the wild. [ 2 ] [ 14 ] [ 15 ] [ 20 ] Since social bonding involves communication and interactions between different species, it can lead to the development of interspecies friendships.
Animals that practice group-living often benefit from assistance in parasite removal, access to more mates, and conservation of energy in foraging. [50] Initially, the most obvious form of animal cooperation was kin selection , but more recent studies focus on non-kin cooperation, where benefits may seem less obvious.
Mutualism describes the ecological interaction between two or more species where each species has a net benefit. [1] Mutualism is a common type of ecological interaction. Prominent examples are: the nutrient exchange between vascular plants and mycorrhizal fungi, the fertilization of flowering plants by pollinators,
Anthrozoology, also known as human–animal studies (HAS), is the subset of ethnobiology that deals with interactions between humans and other animals. It is an interdisciplinary field that overlaps with other disciplines including anthropology , ethnology , medicine , psychology , social work , veterinary medicine , and zoology .
Environmental enrichment can improve the overall welfare of animals in captivity and create a habitat similar to what they would experience in their wild environment. It aims to maintain an animal's physical and psychological health by increasing the range or number of species-specific behaviors, increasing positive interaction with the captive environment, preventing or reducing the frequency ...