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Pressure in cylinder pattern in dependence on ignition timing: (a) - misfire, (b) too soon, (c) optimal, (d) too late. In a spark ignition internal combustion engine, ignition timing is the timing, relative to the current piston position and crankshaft angle, of the release of a spark in the combustion chamber near the end of the compression stroke.
The anti-lag system (ALS) is a method of reducing turbo lag or effective compression used on turbocharged engines to minimize turbo lag on racing or performance cars. It works by retarding the ignition timing and adding extra fuel (and sometimes air) to balance an inherent loss in combustion efficiency with increased pressure at the charging side of the turbo.
This is achieved by changing the ignition timing, changing or re-timing the camshaft, and sometimes in combination with a change in crankpin angle. The goal is to change the power delivery characteristics of the engine. A regular-firing multi-cylinder engine fires at approximately even intervals, giving a smooth-running engine.
Static timing advance was set to 24° BTDC, with an additional 12° of centrifugal advance coming in above 4000 rpm. To prevent pre-ignition, a diaphragm on the distributor provided a pressure retard function rather than a vacuum advance, and could retard timing by up to 9° at manifold pressures above 0.14 bar (2.0 psi). [27]
Ignition timing (with vacuum advancer off): 10 degrees BTDC; Ignition timing (as per Haynes Databook): 5 degrees BTDC at 800 rpm; Gearbox. 4-speed and 5-speed manual gearbox: C40, C150, C152 (turbo model) Automatic transmission: A132l 3-speed, A242l 4-speed; Applications. AE92, AE111 Toyota Corolla (South Africa)
A timing mark is an indicator used for setting the timing of the ignition system of an engine, typically found on the crankshaft pulley (as pictured) or the flywheel. [1] These have the largest radius rotating at crankshaft speed and therefore are the place where marks at one degree intervals will be farthest apart.
Anti-lag systems work in one of two ways: by running a very rich air–fuel ratio and pumping air into the exhaust to ignite unburnt fuel in the exhaust manifold, or by severely retarding ignition timing to cause combustion to continue well after the exhaust valve has opened. Both methods involve combustion in the exhaust manifold to keep the ...
The ignition timing advance is also controlled electronically, and a knock-sensing system is included. [1] Originally a 548 cc (33.4 cu in) engine, it was enlarged to 657 cc (40.1 cu in) in 1990 following changes in the class regulations. The four-cylinder 4A3 engine is derived from the 3G8, sharing a 72 mm (2.8 in) bore pitch. [3]
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