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Calcium carbonate is a chemical compound with the chemical formula Ca CO 3. It is a common substance found in rocks as the minerals calcite and aragonite , most notably in chalk and limestone , eggshells , gastropod shells , shellfish skeletons and pearls .
Calcium carbonate (CaCO 3) and calcium sulfate (CaSO 4) are particularly abundant minerals. [19] Like strontium and barium, as well as the alkali metals and the divalent lanthanides europium and ytterbium , calcium metal dissolves directly in liquid ammonia to give a dark blue solution.
Aragonite is the high pressure polymorph of calcium carbonate. As such, it occurs in high pressure metamorphic rocks such as those formed at subduction zones. [13] Aragonite forms naturally in almost all mollusk shells, and as the calcareous endoskeleton of warm- and cold-water corals (Scleractinia). Several serpulids have aragonitic tubes. [14]
An aqueous solution containing 120 mg NaHCO 3 (baking soda) per litre of water will contain 1.4285 mmol/l of bicarbonate, since the molar mass of baking soda is 84.007 g/mol. This is equivalent in carbonate hardness to a solution containing 0.71423 mmol/L of (calcium) carbonate, or 71.485 mg/L of calcium carbonate (molar mass 100.09 g/mol).
Calcium bicarbonate, also called calcium hydrogencarbonate, has the chemical formula Ca(HCO 3) 2. The term does not refer to a known solid compound; it exists only in aqueous solution containing calcium (Ca 2+), bicarbonate (HCO − 3), and carbonate (CO 2− 3) ions, together with dissolved carbon dioxide (CO 2).
Calcite is a carbonate mineral and the most stable polymorph of calcium carbonate (CaCO 3).It is a very common mineral, particularly as a component of limestone.Calcite defines hardness 3 on the Mohs scale of mineral hardness, based on scratch hardness comparison.
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The solubility of calcium carbonate (CaCO 3) is controlled largely by the amount of dissolved carbon dioxide (CO 2) in the water. This is summarized in the reaction: CaCO 3 + H 2 O + CO 2 → Ca 2+ + 2HCO − 3. Increases in temperature or decreases in pressure tend to reduce the amount of dissolved CO 2 and precipitate CaCO 3.