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  2. Claim (philosophy) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claim_(philosophy)

    A claim is a substantive statement about a thing, such as an idea, event, individual, or belief. It's truth or falsity is open to debate. It's truth or falsity is open to debate. Arguments or beliefs may be offered in support, and criticisms and challenges of affirming contentions may be offered in rebuttal.

  3. Fact–value distinction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fact–value_distinction

    Statements of value (normative or prescriptive statements), which encompass ethics and aesthetics, and are studied via axiology. This barrier between fact and value, as construed in epistemology, implies it is impossible to derive ethical claims from factual arguments, or to defend the former using the latter. [2]

  4. Burden of proof (philosophy) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burden_of_proof_(philosophy)

    Inductive reasoning also does not provide absolute certainty about positive claims. [19] [10] A negative claim may or may not exist as a counterpoint to a previous claim. A proof of impossibility or an evidence of absence argument are typical methods to fulfill the burden of proof for a negative claim. [10] [22]

  5. Truth claim - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truth_claim

    A truth claim is an assertion held to be true in a religious belief system; however, it does not follow that the assertion can be proven true. For example, a truth claim in Judaism is that only one God exists, while other religions are polytheistic. Conflicting truth claims between different religions can be a cause of religious conflict.

  6. Verificationism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verificationism

    Verificationism, also known as the verification principle or the verifiability criterion of meaning, is a doctrine in philosophy which asserts that a statement is meaningful only if it is either empirically verifiable (can be confirmed through the senses) or a tautology (true by virtue of its own meaning or its own logical form).

  7. Truth - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truth

    A logical truth (also called an analytic truth or a necessary truth) is a statement that is true in all logically possible worlds [48] or under all possible interpretations, as contrasted to a fact (also called a synthetic claim or a contingency), which is only true in this world as it has historically unfolded.

  8. Argument - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argument

    A statement form can be shown to be a logical truth by either (a) showing that it is a tautology or (b) by means of a proof procedure. The corresponding conditional of a valid argument is a necessary truth (true in all possible worlds ) and so the conclusion necessarily follows from the premises, or follows of logical necessity.

  9. Logical truth - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_truth

    However, the question of which statements are necessarily true remains the subject of continued debate. Treating logical truths, analytic truths, and necessary truths as equivalent, logical truths can be contrasted with facts (which can also be called contingent claims or synthetic claims).