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In general, a bone marrow biopsy is part of the "work up" for the analysis of these diseases. All specimens are examined microscopically to determine the nature of the malignancy. A number of these diseases can now be classified by cytogenetics (AML, CML) or immunophenotyping (lymphoma, myeloma, CLL) of the malignant cells. [citation needed]
The excessive immature lymphocytes in the bone marrow interfere with the production of new red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. [1] Diagnosis is typically based on blood tests and bone marrow examination. [3] Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is typically treated initially with chemotherapy aimed at bringing about remission. [2]
Lymphoproliferative disorders are a set of disorders characterized by the abnormal proliferation of lymphocytes into a monoclonal lymphocytosis. The two major types of lymphocytes are B cells and T cells , which are derived from pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow .
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a type of cancer in which the bone marrow makes too many lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell). [2] [8] Early on, there are typically no symptoms. [2] Later, non-painful lymph node swelling, feeling tired, fever, night sweats, or weight loss for no clear reason may occur.
Plasma cell myeloma (PCM, also termed multiple myeloma), is a common cancer in which malignant plasma cells infiltrate the bone marrow or form soft tissue masses termed plasmacytomas. Rarely, EBV may be associated with this disease, particularly in individuals with an Immunodeficiency (e.g. HIV/AIDS, history of organ transplantation) or chronic ...
Reactive lymphocyte surrounded by red blood cells. In immunology, reactive lymphocytes, variant lymphocytes, atypical lymphocytes, Downey cells or Türk cells are cytotoxic (CD8 +) lymphocytes that become large as a result of antigen stimulation. Typically, they can be more than 30 μm in diameter with varying size and shape.
However, the other MLB phenotypes may progress to and/or be mimicked by various monoclonal B-cell lymphocyte malignancies. The key cell markers and other points that help distinguish the following MBL phenotypes from these malignancies include the following (refer to Table for comparisons to non-malignant predecessor cells): Atypical CLL/SLL-MBL
Lymphoid leukemias are a group of leukemias affecting circulating lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell.The lymphocytic leukemias are closely related to lymphomas of the lymphocytes, to the point that some of them are unitary disease entities that can be called by either name (for example, adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma).