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  2. Fast-growing hierarchy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fast-growing_hierarchy

    In computability theory, computational complexity theory and proof theory, a fast-growing hierarchy (also called an extended Grzegorczyk hierarchy, or a Schwichtenberg-Wainer hierarchy) [1] is an ordinal-indexed family of rapidly increasing functions f α: N → N (where N is the set of natural numbers {0, 1, ...}, and α ranges up to some large countable ordinal).

  3. List of common coordinate transformations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_common_coordinate...

    This means that the inverse function will only give values in the domain of the function, but restricted to a single period. Hence, the range of the inverse function is only half a full circle. Note that one can also use r = x 2 + y 2 θ ′ = 2 arctan ⁡ y x + r {\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}r&={\sqrt {x^{2}+y^{2}}}\\\theta '&=2\arctan ...

  4. Error function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Error_function

    Given a complex number z, there is not a unique complex number w satisfying erf w = z, so a true inverse function would be multivalued. However, for −1 < x < 1 , there is a unique real number denoted erf −1 x satisfying erf ⁡ ( erf − 1 ⁡ x ) = x . {\displaystyle \operatorname {erf} \left(\operatorname {erf} ^{-1}x\right)=x.}

  5. Fold (higher-order function) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fold_(higher-order_function)

    Folds can be regarded as consistently replacing the structural components of a data structure with functions and values. Lists, for example, are built up in many functional languages from two primitives: any list is either an empty list, commonly called nil ([]), or is constructed by prefixing an element in front of another list, creating what is called a cons node ( Cons(X1,Cons(X2,Cons ...

  6. Lazy evaluation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lazy_evaluation

    The actual values are only computed when needed. For example, one could create a function that creates an infinite list (often called a stream) of Fibonacci numbers. The calculation of the n-th Fibonacci number would be merely the extraction of that element from the infinite list, forcing the evaluation of only the first n members of the list.

  7. ‘Yellowstone’ fans all have the same question after the ...

    www.aol.com/news/yellowstone-fans-same-finale...

    What happened in the "Yellowstone" Season 5 finale? Fans react to Beth killing her brother Jamie and question whether Beth and Rip will get a spinoff.

  8. Slowly varying function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slowly_varying_function

    A function L is slowly varying if and only if there exists B > 0 such that for all x ≥ B the function can be written in the form = ⁡ (() + ())where η(x) is a bounded measurable function of a real variable converging to a finite number as x goes to infinity

  9. HuffPost Data

    projects.huffingtonpost.com

    Poison Profits. A HuffPost / WNYC investigation into lead contamination in New York City