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De Facto Classification of Exchange Rate Arrangements, as of April 30, 2021, and Monetary Policy Frameworks [2] Exchange rate arrangement (Number of countries) Exchange rate anchor Monetary aggregate target (25) Inflation Targeting framework (45) Others (43) US Dollar (37) Euro (28) Composite (8) Other (9) No separate legal tender (16) Ecuador ...
Punjab has the largest economy in Pakistan, contributing most to the national GDP. The province's share was 60.58% in 2020 to national economy. [2] Sindh which is the second largest province in terms of population and GDP which has steadily continued to grow, contributes 23.7% to the national economy. [2]
The State Bank of Pakistan then stabilized the exchange rate by lowering interest rates and buying dollars, to preserve the country's export competitiveness. 2008 was termed a disastrous year for the rupee after the elections: between December 2007 and August 2008, it lost 23% of its value, falling to a record low of Rs.79/ 20 against the US ...
The end year rate for 1998–99 pertain to March 26, 1999 of Deutsche Mark rate. Data from 1971 to 1991–92 are based on official exchange rates. Data from 1992 to 1993 onward are based on FEDAI (Foreign Exchange Dealers' Association of India) indicative rates.
China lent Pakistan further 700 million dollars to shore up Forex reserves. [32] Pakistan's Consumer price index (CPI) further jumped to 31.5%, the highest annual rate in 50 years. [33] Also Fitch downgrades Pak's sovereign credit rating from CCC+ to CCC-. The New York-based ratings agency warned that a default could be a "real possibility". [34]
The year 1990 or 2000 is often used as a benchmark year for comparisons that run through time. The unit is often abbreviated, e.g. 2000 US dollars or 2000 International$ (if the benchmark year is 2000). It is based on the twin concepts of purchasing power parities (PPP) of currencies and the international average prices of commodities. It shows ...
In the fiscal year 1949–50, Pakistan recorded a national savings rate of 2%, a foreign savings rate of 2%, and an investment rate of 4%. Manufacturing contributed 7.8% to the GDP, while services, trade, and other sectors accounted for a significant 39%, reflecting a policy centered around import-substituting industrialization .
In 1958, for the first time, Pakistan went to IMF for bailout. For this, IMF lent out US$25,000 (equivalent to $264,014 in 2023) [originally the loan-amount is given in SDR; [4] for this article it is considered to be 1SDR = 1USD] to Pakistan on standby arrangement basis on 8 December 1958. [3] Pakistan again went to IMF in 1965.