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Delphinidin (also delphinidine [1] [2]) is an anthocyanidin, a primary plant pigment, and also an antioxidant. [3] Delphinidin gives blue hues to flowers in the genera Viola and Delphinium. It also gives the blue-red color of the grape variety Cabernet Sauvignon, and can be found in cranberries and Concord grapes as well as pomegranates, [4 ...
Roughly 2% of all hydrocarbons fixed in photosynthesis are converted into flavonoids and their derivatives, such as the anthocyanins. Not all land plants contain anthocyanin; in the Caryophyllales (including cactus, beets, and amaranth), they are replaced by betalains. Anthocyanins and betalains have never been found in the same plant. [10] [11]
In bryophytes, anthocyanins are usually based on 3-desoxyanthocyanidins located in the cell wall. A new anthocyanidin, riccionidin A, has been isolated from the liverwort Ricciocarpos natans . It could be derived from 6,7,2′,4′,6′-pentahydroxyflavylium, having undergone ring closure of the 6’ -hydroxyl at the 3-position.
Protocyanin is a blue pigment of cornflower (Centaurea cyanus). It is composed from succinylcyanin (anthocyanin), malonylflavone (co-pigment), iron and magnesium anions, and two calcium ions to stabilize the complex. Interesting is that the same anthocyanin when is not in complex with the metal ions is present in red rose petals. [8]
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The plant is also grown for its dye in northern China. [7] Additional uses of the colourant include making preparatory designs on cloth before dyeing with other pigments. [3] Commelinin, the blue pigment from the flowers of C. communis, is a metalloanthocyanin. It is a complex of 4 Mg 2+ ions chelating six anthocyanin molecules. [21]
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