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One definition of berry requires the endocarp to be less than 2 mm (3 ⁄ 32 in) thick, other fruits with a stony endocarp being drupes. [5] In marginal cases, terms such as drupaceous or drupe-like may be used. [2] [5] The term stone fruit (also stonefruit) can be a synonym for drupe or, more typically, it can mean just the fruit of the genus ...
The nature of the endocarp distinguishes a berry from a drupe, which has a hardened or stony endocarp (see also below). The two kinds of fruit intergrade, depending on the state of the endocarp. Some sources have attempted to quantify the difference, e.g. requiring the endocarp to be less than 2 mm thick in a berry. [4]
The types of fleshy fruits are berries, pomes, and drupes. [3] In berries, the entire pericarp is fleshy but this excludes the exocarp which acts as more as a skin. There are berries that are known as pepo, a type of berry with an inseparable rind, or hesperidium, which has a separable rind. [2]
The differences between the everyday and botanical uses of "berry" results in three categories: those fruits that are berries under both definitions; those fruits that are botanical berries but not commonly known as berries; and those parts of plants commonly known as berries that are not botanical berries, and may not even be fruits.
Berry – the berry is the most common type of fleshy fruit. The entire outer layer of the ovary wall ripens into a potentially edible "pericarp", (see below). Stone fruit or drupe – the definitive characteristic of a drupe is the hard, "lignified" stone (sometimes called the "pit").
After fertilization, each flower in the cluster develops into a drupe; as the drupes expand, they develop as a connate organ, merging into a multiple fleshy fruit called a syncarp. Progressive stages of multiple flowering and fruit development can be observed on a single branch of the Indian mulberry, or noni .
The differences in meaning are due to a reversal in the terminology by John Lindley, which has been followed by most English-language authors. [3] [4] Not all flowers with multiple ovaries form aggregate fruit; the ovaries of some flowers do not become tightly joined to make a larger fruit.
First an inflorescence of white flowers called a head is produced. After fertilization, each flower develops into a drupe, and as the drupes expand, they become connate (merge) into a multiple fleshy fruit called a syncarp. There are also many dry multiple fruits. [citation needed] Other examples of multiple fruits: