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The insulin receptor (IR) is a transmembrane receptor that is activated by insulin, IGF-I, IGF-II and belongs to the large class of receptor tyrosine kinase. [5] Metabolically, the insulin receptor plays a key role in the regulation of glucose homeostasis; a functional process that under degenerate conditions may result in a range of clinical manifestations including diabetes and cancer.
The mature IGF-1R has a molecular weight of approximately 320 kDa. citation? The receptor is a member of a family which consists of the insulin receptor and the IGF-2R (and their respective ligands IGF-1 and IGF-2), along with several IGF-binding proteins.
Insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) is a signaling adapter protein that in humans is encoded by the IRS1 gene. [5] It is a 180 kDa protein with amino acid sequence of 1242 residues. [ 6 ] It contains a single pleckstrin homology (PH) domain at the N-terminus and a PTB domain ca. 40 residues downstream of this, followed by a poorly conserved C ...
IGF-1 binds to at least two cell surface receptor tyrosine kinases: the IGF-1 receptor (IGF1R), and the insulin receptor. Its primary action is mediated by binding to its specific receptor, IGF1R, which is present on the surface of many cell types in many tissues [further explanation needed]. Binding to the IGF1R initiates intracellular signaling.
Insulin is a peptide hormone containing two chains cross-linked by disulfide bridges. Insulin (/ ˈ ɪ n. sj ʊ. l ɪ n /, [5] [6] from Latin insula, 'island') is a peptide hormone produced by beta cells of the pancreatic islets encoded in humans by the insulin (INS) gene. It is the main anabolic hormone of the body. [7]
The insulin-like growth factor receptors (IGFRs) include the following two receptors: Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) Insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor (IGF-2R)
Additionally, while proinsulin and insulin have structural differences, proinsulin does demonstrate some affinity for the insulin receptor. Due to the relative similarities in structure, proinsulin can produce between 5% and 10% of the metabolic activity similarly induced by insulin. [3]
384783 Ensembl ENSG00000185950 ENSMUSG00000038894 UniProt Q9Y4H2 P81122 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_003749 NM_001081212 RefSeq (protein) NP_003740 NP_001074681 Location (UCSC) Chr 13: 109.75 – 109.79 Mb Chr 8: 11.03 – 11.06 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse For chemical compound with molecular formula IrS 2, see Iridium disulfide. Insulin receptor substrate 2 is a protein that ...