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The insulin receptor (IR) is a transmembrane receptor that is activated by insulin, IGF-I, IGF-II and belongs to the large class of receptor tyrosine kinase. [5] Metabolically, the insulin receptor plays a key role in the regulation of glucose homeostasis; a functional process that under degenerate conditions may result in a range of clinical manifestations including diabetes and cancer.
Insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) is a signaling adapter protein that in humans is encoded by the IRS1 gene. [5] It is a 180 kDa protein with amino acid sequence of 1242 residues. [ 6 ] It contains a single pleckstrin homology (PH) domain at the N-terminus and a PTB domain ca. 40 residues downstream of this, followed by a poorly conserved C ...
Insulin receptor substrate (IRS) is an important ligand in the insulin response of human cells. IRS-1, for example, is an IRS protein that contains a phosphotyrosine binding-domain . In addition, the insulin receptor contains a NPXY motif. The PTB-domain binds the NPXY sequence. Thus, the insulin receptor binds IRS.
The effects of insulin are initiated by its binding to a receptor, the insulin receptor (IR), present in the cell membrane. The receptor molecule contains an α- and β subunits. Two molecules are joined to form what is known as a homodimer. Insulin binds to the α-subunits of the homodimer, which faces the extracellular side of the cells.
When insulin binds to the insulin receptor, it leads to a cascade of cellular processes that promote the usage or, in some cases, the storage of glucose in the cell. The effects of insulin vary depending on the tissue involved, e.g., insulin is most important in the uptake of glucose by muscle and adipose tissue. [2]
384783 Ensembl ENSG00000185950 ENSMUSG00000038894 UniProt Q9Y4H2 P81122 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_003749 NM_001081212 RefSeq (protein) NP_003740 NP_001074681 Location (UCSC) Chr 13: 109.75 – 109.79 Mb Chr 8: 11.03 – 11.06 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse For chemical compound with molecular formula IrS 2, see Iridium disulfide. Insulin receptor substrate 2 is a protein that ...
NNC2215 is a bioengineered glucose-sensitive insulin. The drug is designed by a team of Novo Nordisk researchers. [1] NNC2215 can sense the glucose concentration presence in blood. The protein's sensitivity is reduced when low concentration of glucose, thus reducing the risk of hypoglycemia. [2]
3645 23920 Ensembl ENSG00000027644 ENSMUSG00000005640 UniProt P14616 Q9WTL4 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_014215 NM_011832 RefSeq (protein) NP_055030 NP_035962 Location (UCSC) Chr 1: 156.84 – 156.86 Mb Chr 3: 87.7 – 87.72 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Insulin receptor-related protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the INSRR gene. References ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl ...