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Neurosyphilis is the infection of the central nervous system in a patient with syphilis. In the era of modern antibiotics , the majority of neurosyphilis cases have been reported in HIV-infected patients.
Meningeal syphilis (as known as syphilitic aseptic meningitis or meningeal neurosyphilis) is a chronic form of syphilis infection that affects the central nervous system. Treponema pallidum , a spirochate bacterium, is the main cause of syphilis, which spreads drastically throughout the body and can infect all its systems if not treated ...
For neurosyphilis, due to the poor penetration of benzathine penicillin into the central nervous system, those affected are given large doses of intravenous penicillin G for a minimum of 10 days. [ 3 ] [ 34 ] If a person is allergic to penicillin, ceftriaxone may be used or penicillin desensitization attempted. [ 3 ]
Tabes dorsalis is a late consequence of neurosyphilis, characterized by the slow degeneration (specifically, demyelination) of the neural tracts primarily in the dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord (nerve root). These patients have lancinating nerve root pain which is aggravated by coughing, and features of sensory ataxia with ocular ...
General paresis, also known as general paralysis of the insane (GPI), paralytic dementia, or syphilitic paresis is a severe neuropsychiatric disorder, classified as an organic mental disorder, and is caused by late-stage syphilis and the chronic meningoencephalitis and cerebral atrophy that are associated with this late stage of the disease when left untreated.
Died by suicide on account of blindness caused by neurosyphilis. Leo Tolstoy (1828–1910), Russian writer Suspected to have had syphilis [9] Alphonse Daudet (1840–1897), French novelist Friedrich Nietzsche (1844–1900), German philosopher Cause of death disputed, but syphilis or mercury poisoning from syphilis treatment are leading theories.
Pleocytosis, raised CSF protein level and positive CSF serology suggest neurosyphilis. [31] CSF VDRL is 50-90% specific for neurosyphilis. [18] 60% of newborns with congenital syphilis also have neurosyphilis. [18] Non-treponemal titers should be monitored in the newborns every 2-3 months to ensure an adequate response to treatment. [18]
Hutchinson's facies is a facial appearance involving drooping eyelids and immobile eyes in external ophthalmoplegia.This sign is associated with neurosyphilis. [1] [2] [3] It is named in honour of the English physician Jonathan Hutchinson (1828–1913).