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The graver course is one form of malignant multiple sclerosis, with patients reaching a significant level of disability in less than five years from their first symptoms, often in a matter of months. [2] Sometimes Marburg MS is considered a synonym for tumefactive MS, [3] but not for all authors. [citation needed]
There is not a specific test to detect malignant MS; it is often confused with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. Malignant MS is diagnosed after clinical investigations. Doctors may access the symptoms and to rule out other disorders, a neurological exam is performed. Further diagnostics may include an analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid. [8]
Unusual types of MS have been described; these include Devic's disease, Balo concentric sclerosis, Schilder's diffuse sclerosis, and Marburg multiple sclerosis. There is debate on whether they are MS variants or different diseases. [31] Multiple sclerosis behaves differently in children, taking more time to reach the progressive stage. [5]
Symptoms can include extreme tiredness, vision problems, numbness in parts of the body, being off-balance or dizzy, muscle cramps and spasms, urination issues, memory problems, and sexual dysfunction.
In March 2017, ocrelizumab was approved in the United States for the treatment of primary progressive multiple sclerosis in adults. [22] [42] It is also used for the treatment of relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis, to include clinically isolated syndrome, relapsing-remitting disease, and active secondary progressive disease in adults. [42]
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Multiple sclerosis. Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease, primarily mediated by T-cells. [15] The three main characteristics of MS are the formation of lesions in the central nervous system (also called plaques), inflammation, and the destruction of myelin sheaths of neurons.
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