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Surface irrigation is often referred to as flood irrigation, implying that the water distribution is uncontrolled and therefore, inherently inefficient. In reality, some of the irrigation practices grouped under this name involve a significant degree of management (for example surge irrigation).
It is a method of controlled and intermittent irrigation. A periodic drying and re-flooding irrigation scheduling approach is followed in which the fields are allowed to dry for few days before re-irrigation, without stressing the plants. This method reduces water demand for irrigation and greenhouse gas emissions without reducing crop yields.
Surface irrigation can be subdivided into furrow, border strip or basin irrigation. It is often called flood irrigation when the irrigation results in flooding or near flooding of the cultivated land. Historically, surface irrigation is the most common method of irrigating agricultural land across most parts of the world.
Osu – Surface runoff (natural) or surface drainage (artificial) Inf – Infiltration of water through the soil surface into the root zone; The surface water balance reads: Rai + Isu = Eva + Inf + Osu + Ws, where Ws is the change of water storage on top of the soil surface; Surface runoff in the Curve Number method
This surface irrigation method can be used to grow crops like rice. [3] Tank irrigation in Thailand is a newer method of irrigation as compared to peninsular India. [4] Similar small-scale reservoir based irrigation methods using earthen bunds are used in countries like Ghana. [5]
In (semi)arid regions, therefore, alluvial fans are often used for irrigation of agricultural crops. The fans reveal much greenery in the harsh desert-like environment. Irrigation methods in alluvial fans differ according to the hydrological regime of the river, the shape of the fan, and the natural resources available to maintain human life.
A major benefit of SSTI is that treated effluent can be used but is prevented from reaching the surface. Recreational or agricultural activities can continue on the field during irrigation without the contaminants coming in contact with the public. Nutrients can be injected through all SSTI systems (fertigation). Macro and micro nutrients can ...
A satellite image of circular fields characteristic of center pivot irrigation, Kansas Farmland with circular pivot irrigation. Center-pivot irrigation (sometimes called central pivot irrigation), also called water-wheel and circle irrigation, is a method of crop irrigation in which equipment rotates around a pivot and crops are watered with sprinklers.