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  2. Crystallization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystallization

    Crystallization is the process by which solids form, where the atoms or molecules are highly organized into a structure known as a crystal. Some ways by which crystals form are precipitating from a solution, freezing, or more rarely deposition directly from a gas.

  3. Protein crystallization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_crystallization

    Developing protein crystals is a difficult process influenced by many factors, including pH, temperature, ionic strength in the crystallization solution, and even gravity. [3] Once formed, these crystals can be used in structural biology to study the molecular structure of the protein, particularly for various industrial or medical purposes. [4 ...

  4. Crystallography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystallography

    In addition, physical properties are often controlled by crystalline defects. The understanding of crystal structures is an important prerequisite for understanding crystallographic defects. Most materials do not occur as a single crystal, but are poly-crystalline in nature (they exist as an aggregate of small crystals with different orientations).

  5. Biocrystallization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biocrystallization

    Biocrystallization is the formation of crystals from organic macromolecules by living organisms. [1] This may be a stress response, a normal part of metabolism such as processes that dispose of waste compounds, or a pathology. Template mediated crystallization is qualitatively different from in vitro crystallization.

  6. Virus crystallisation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virus_Crystallisation

    Virus crystallisation is the re-arrangement of viral components into solid crystal particles. [1] The crystals are composed of thousands of inactive forms of a particular virus arranged in the shape of a prism. [2] The inactive nature of virus crystals provide advantages for immunologists to effectively analyze the structure and function behind ...

  7. Crystal - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal

    The scientific definition of a "crystal" is based on the microscopic arrangement of atoms inside it, called the crystal structure. A crystal is a solid where the atoms form a periodic arrangement. (Quasicrystals are an exception, see below). Not all solids are crystals.

  8. Crystal structure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal_structure

    Vectors and planes in a crystal lattice are described by the three-value Miller index notation. This syntax uses the indices h, k, and â„“ as directional parameters. [4] By definition, the syntax (hkâ„“) denotes a plane that intercepts the three points a 1 /h, a 2 /k, and a 3 /â„“, or some multiple thereof. That is, the Miller indices are ...

  9. Crystal growth - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal_growth

    Crystal growth is a major stage of a crystallization process, and consists of the addition of new atoms, ions, or polymer strings into the characteristic arrangement of the crystalline lattice. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The growth typically follows an initial stage of either homogeneous or heterogeneous (surface catalyzed) nucleation , unless a "seed ...