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During World War I (1914–1918), Central Powers blockades halted traffic between Imperial Russia and its Allies via the Black Sea and the Baltic. The Tsarist authorities sped up development of an ice-free port at Romanov-on-Murman (present-day Murmansk); however, supplies arriving via the Arctic came too little and too late to prevent the Allied collapse on the Eastern Front.
Arctic naval operations of World War II were the World War II naval operations that took place in the Arctic Ocean, and can be considered part of the Battle of the Atlantic and/or of the European Theatre of World War II. [1] [note 1] Pre-war navigation in the region focused on fishing and the international ore-trade from Narvik and Petsamo.
Pages in category "Arctic convoys of World War II" The following 57 pages are in this category, out of 57 total. ... List of Allied convoys during World War II by ...
Convoy QP 1 (28 September – 19 October 1941) was the first Arctic Convoy of the Second World War by which the Allies brought back the ships of Operation Dervish that had carried supplies to the Soviet Union after Operation Barbarossa, the German invasion of 22 June 1941.
Convoy PQ 17 was an Allied Arctic convoy during the Second World War. On 27 June 1942, the ships sailed from Hvalfjörður , Iceland , for the port of Arkhangelsk in the Soviet Union . The convoy was located by German forces on 1 July, shadowed and attacked.
slower ships from the Mediterranean- 1st 11 sailed independently, remainder merged with SL convoys west of Gibraltar NA Canada to British Isles troopships OG: Liverpool to Gibraltar: 2 October 1939 17 October 1943 95 early sailings every 5th merged OA/OB convoy became an OG convoy at sea - later OG convoys sailed from Liverpool ON
Convoy PQ 2 (17–30 October 1941) was the third of the Arctic Convoys of the Second World War by which the Western Allies supplied the Soviet Union after Operation Barbarossa, the German invasion, which began on 22 June 1941. The convoy sailed from Scapa Flow and arrived safely at Archangelsk.
Convoy PQ 18 (2–21 September 1942) was an Arctic convoy of forty Allied freighters from Scotland and Iceland to Arkhangelsk in the Soviet Union during the Second World War. The convoy departed Loch Ewe , Scotland on 2 September 1942, rendezvoused with more ships and escorts at Iceland and arrived at Arkhangelsk on 21 September.