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Ethanol is a neutral molecule and the pH of a solution of ethanol in water is nearly 7.00. Ethanol can be quantitatively converted to its conjugate base, the ethoxide ion (CH 3 CH 2 O −), by reaction with an alkali metal such as sodium: [78] 2 CH 3 CH 2 OH + 2 Na → 2 CH 3 CH 2 ONa + H 2. or a very strong base such as sodium hydride: CH 3 CH ...
The systematic IUPAC name is not always the preferred IUPAC name, for example, lactic acid is a common, and also the preferred, name for what systematic rules call 2-hydroxypropanoic acid. This list is ordered by the number of carbon atoms in a carboxylic acid.
For example, CH 3 −CH(OH)−COOH (lactic acid) is named 2-hydroxypropanoic acid with no "1" stated. Some traditional names for common carboxylic acids (such as acetic acid) are in such widespread use that they are retained in IUPAC nomenclature, [7] though systematic names like ethanoic acid are
Butyric acid (/ ˈ b j uː t ɪ r ɪ k /; from Ancient Greek: βούτῡρον, meaning "butter"), also known under the systematic name butanoic acid, is a straight-chain alkyl carboxylic acid with the chemical formula CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 COOH. It is an oily, colorless liquid with an unpleasant odor.
Few procedures have been reported to prepare the anhydrous solid. Instead the material is typically prepared in a solution with ethanol. It is commercially available and as a solution in ethanol. It is easily prepared in the laboratory by treating sodium metal with absolute ethanol: [3] 2 CH 3 CH 2 OH + 2 Na → 2 CH 3 CH 2 ONa + H 2
Like many other carbonyl compounds, acetaldehyde tautomerizes to give an enol (vinyl alcohol; IUPAC name: ethenol): CH 3 CH=O ⇌ CH 2 =CHOH ∆H 298,g = +42.7 kJ/mol. The equilibrium constant is 6 × 10 −7 at room temperature, thus that the relative amount of the enol form in a sample of acetaldehyde is very small. [27]
It is predominantly used as a precursor to trimethylolethane (CH 3 C(CH 2 OH) 3) through a condensation reaction with formaldehyde. This triol is an important intermediate in the production of alkyd resins. It is used in the synthesis of several common aroma compounds (cyclamen aldehyde, helional, lilial). [2]
Different ways of representing a methyl group (highlighted in blue). In organic chemistry, a methyl group is an alkyl derived from methane, containing one carbon atom bonded to three hydrogen atoms, having chemical formula CH 3 (whereas normal methane has the formula CH 4).