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The book achieved enough success that the word kirigami was accepted as the Western name for the art of paper cutting. [1] Typically, kirigami starts with a folded base, which is then unfolded; cuts are then opened and flattened to make the finished design. Simple kirigami are usually symmetrical, such as snowflakes, pentagrams, or orchid blossoms.
Origamic architecture is a form of kirigami that involves the three-dimensional reproduction of architecture and monuments, on various scales, using cut-out and folded paper, usually thin paperboard. Visually, these creations are comparable to intricate 'pop-ups', indeed, some works are deliberately engineered to possess 'pop-up'-like properties.
Macro photography of a natural snowflake. A snowflake is a single ice crystal that is large enough to fall through the Earth's atmosphere as snow. [1] [2] [3] Snow appears white in color despite being made of clear ice. This is because the many small crystal facets of the snowflakes scatter the sunlight between them. [4]
An example of various paper snowflake designs. A paper snowflake is a type of paper craft based on a snowflake that combines origami with papercutting. The designs can vary significantly after doing mandatory folding. [1] An online version of the craft is known as "Make-A-Flake", and was created by Barkley Inc. in 2008. [2]
Ken Libbrecht's Field Guide to Snowflakes; The Little Book of Snowflakes; The Art of the Snowflake: A Photographic Album; Libbrecht won the 2004 National Outdoor Book Award (Nature & Environment category) for The Snowflake. [3] Libbrecht was a scientific consultant on snowflakes for the 2013 Film Frozen. [4]
Wilson Alwyn Bentley (February 9, 1865 – December 23, 1931), also known as Snowflake Bentley, was an American meteorologist and photographer, who was the first known person to take detailed photographs of snowflakes and record their features. [1]
Snow accumulation on ground and in tree branches in Germany Snow blowing across a highway in Canada Spring snow on a mountain in France. Classifications of snow describe and categorize the attributes of snow-generating weather events, including the individual crystals both in the air and on the ground, and the deposited snow pack as it changes over time.
The Koch snowflake (also known as the Koch curve, Koch star, or Koch island [1] [2]) is a fractal curve and one of the earliest fractals to have been described. It is based on the Koch curve, which appeared in a 1904 paper titled "On a Continuous Curve Without Tangents, Constructible from Elementary Geometry" [3] by the Swedish mathematician Helge von Koch.