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View of left entorhinal cortex (red) from beneath the brain, with front of brain at top. Artist's rendering. The superficial layers – layers II and III – of EC project to the dentate gyrus and hippocampus: Layer II projects primarily to dentate gyrus and hippocampal region CA3; layer III projects primarily to hippocampal region CA1 and the subiculum.
The entorhinal cortex (EC) is a major part of the hippocampal formation of the brain, and is reciprocally connected with the hippocampus. [1]The hippocampal formation, which consists of the hippocampus, perirhinal cortex, the dentate gyrus, the subicular areas and the EC forms one of the most important parts of the limbic system.
The entorhinal cortex (EC) is a structure in the brain located in the medial temporal lobe.The EC is composed of six distinct layers. The superficial (outer) layers, which include layers I through III, are mainly input layers that receive signals from other parts of the EC, but also project to hippocampal structures via the perforant path.
A recent hypothesis postulates that CA3 sequences are built up pair by pair during memory encoding, relying on precisely timed, phase-precessing input from the entorhinal cortex. [10] This mechanism is based on the synapses of the CA3 recurrent axon corraterals on the dendrites of the CA3 population [11] that form a complete matrix of connections.
The anterior part of the gyrus includes the perirhinal and entorhinal cortices [citation needed]. The term parahippocampal cortex is used to refer to an area that encompasses both the posterior parahippocampal gyrus and the medial portion of the fusiform gyrus [ citation needed ] .
In mice, the projection to CA1, and the subiculum all come primarily from EC layer III. [citation needed]According to Suh et al. (2011 Science 334:1415) the projection to CA3 and dentate gyrus in mice is primarily from layer II of entorhinal cortex, and forms a trisynaptic path with hippocampus (dentate gyrus to CA3 to CA1), distinguished from the direct (monosynaptic) perforant path from ...
Axons from CA1 then project back to the entorhinal cortex, completing the circuit. [32] Basket cells in CA3 receive excitatory input from the pyramidal cells and then give an inhibitory feedback to the pyramidal cells. This recurrent inhibition is a simple feedback circuit that can dampen excitatory responses in the hippocampus.
The presubiculum, parasubiculum, and the entorhinal cortex may also be included. [3] The hippocampal formation is thought to play a role in memory, spatial navigation and control of attention. The neural layout and pathways within the hippocampal formation are very similar in all mammals.