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In discrete emotion theory, all humans are thought to have an innate set of basic emotions that are cross-culturally recognizable.These basic emotions are described as "discrete" because they are believed to be distinguishable by an individual's facial expression and biological processes. [1]
A universe set is an absorbing element of binary union . The empty set ∅ {\displaystyle \varnothing } is an absorbing element of binary intersection ∩ {\displaystyle \cap } and binary Cartesian product × , {\displaystyle \times ,} and it is also a left absorbing element of set subtraction ∖ : {\displaystyle \,\setminus :}
Historians, like other social scientists, assume that emotions, feelings and their expressions are regulated in different ways by both different cultures and different historical times, and the constructivist school of history claims even that some sentiments and meta-emotions, for example schadenfreude, are learnt and not only regulated by ...
Splitting, also called binary thinking, dichotomous thinking, black-and-white thinking, all-or-nothing thinking, or thinking in extremes, is the failure in a person's thinking to bring together the dichotomy of both perceived positive and negative qualities of something into a cohesive, realistic whole.
Intergroup relations refers to interactions between individuals in different social groups, and to interactions taking place between the groups themselves collectively. It has long been a subject of research in social psychology , political psychology , and organizational behavior .
A widely used framework for viewing emotions in a functional context is that described by Oatley and Jenkins [24] who see emotions as having three stages: (i) appraisal in which there is a conscious or unconscious evaluation of an event as relevant to a particular goal. An emotion is positive when that goal is advanced and negative when it is ...
Scholarly work has noted the problematic nature of using the terms “emotion”, “affect” and “mood” interchangeably. [1] A lack of thorough understanding of these concepts could influence the choice of measures used in assessing the emotional components of interest in a study, leading to a less optimal research result.
Younger adults have been found to be more successful than older adults in practicing “cognitive reappraisal” to decrease negative internal emotions. [92] On the other hand, older adults have been found to be more successful in the following emotional regulation areas: [92] Predicting the level of “emotional arousal” in possible situations