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Practicing physicians have dismissed the concept of mucoid plaque as a hoax and a "non-credible concept". [4] A pathologist at the University of Texas School of Medicine addressed Anderson's claims directly, saying that he has "seen several thousand intestinal biopsies and have never seen any 'mucoid plaque.' This is a complete fabrication with ...
Calcification can manifest itself in many ways in the body depending on the location. In the pulpal structure of a tooth, calcification often presents asymptomatically, and is diagnosed as an incidental finding during radiographic interpretation. Individual teeth with calcified pulp will typically respond negatively to vitality testing; te
Cell density within dental plaque and calculus is very high, consisting of an estimated 200,000,000 cells per milligram. [ 6 ] [ 7 ] The cells within calculus are primarily bacterial, but also include at least one species of archaea ( Methanobrevibacter oralis ) and several species of yeast (e.g., Candida albicans ).
In regions such as the gingiva and parts of the hard palate, oral mucosa is attached directly to the periosteum of underlying bone, with no intervening submucosa. This arrangement is called a mucoperiosteum and provides a firm, inelastic attachment. [12] A variable number of Fordyce spots or granules are scattered throughout the nonkeratinized ...
A scanner used to measure bone density using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Bone density, or bone mineral density, is the amount of bone mineral in bone tissue.The concept is of mass of mineral per volume of bone (relating to density in the physics sense), although clinically it is measured by proxy according to optical density per square centimetre of bone surface upon imaging. [1]
Some mucins are associated with controlling mineralization, including nacre formation in mollusks, [2] calcification in echinoderms [3] and bone formation in vertebrates. [4] They bind to pathogens as part of the immune system. Overexpression of the mucin proteins, especially MUC1, is associated with many types of cancer. [5] [6]
The first, at a scale of 100 μm to 1 mm, is inside the compact bone where cylindrical units called osteons and small struts can be distinguished. [16] The second hierarchical structure, the ultrastructure, at a scale of 5 to 10 μm, is the actual structure of the osteons and small struts.
Progression and build-up of dental plaque can give rise to tooth decay – the localised destruction of the tissues of the tooth by acid produced from the bacterial degradation of fermentable sugar – and periodontal problems such as gingivitis and periodontitis; [3] hence it is important to disrupt the mass of bacteria and remove it. [4 ...