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A plate which has been streaked showing the colonies thinning as the streaking moves clockwise. In microbiology, streaking is a technique used to isolate a pure strain from a single species of microorganism, often bacteria. Samples can then be taken from the resulting colonies and a microbiological culture can be grown on a new plate so that ...
The Human Microbiome Project ( HMP) was a United States National Institutes of Health (NIH) research initiative to improve understanding of the microbiota involved in human health and disease. Launched in 2007, [1] the first phase (HMP1) focused on identifying and characterizing human microbiota. The second phase, known as the Integrative Human ...
Bacterial transcription is the process in which a segment of bacterial DNA is copied into a newly synthesized strand of messenger RNA (mRNA) with use of the enzyme RNA polymerase . The process occurs in three main steps: initiation, elongation, and termination; and the end result is a strand of mRNA that is complementary to a single strand of DNA.
In most bacteria the most numerous intracellular structure is the ribosome, the site of protein synthesis in all living organisms. All prokaryotes have 70S (where S= Svedberg units) ribosomes while eukaryotes contain larger 80S ribosomes in their cytosol. The 70S ribosome is made up of a 50S and 30S subunits.
Bacterial cellular morphologies are the shapes that are characteristic of various types of bacteria and often key to their identification. Their direct examination under a light microscope enables the classification of these bacteria (and archaea ). Generally, the basic morphologies are spheres (coccus) and round-ended cylinders or rod shaped ...
Cross-presentation is the ability of certain professional antigen-presenting cells (mostly dendritic cells) to take up, process and present extracellular antigens with MHC class I molecules to CD8 T cells (cytotoxic T cells). Cross-priming, the result of this process, describes the stimulation of naive cytotoxic CD8 + T cells into activated ...
The International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes ( ICNP) or Prokaryotic Code, formerly the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria ( ICNB) or Bacteriological Code ( BC ), governs the scientific names for Bacteria and Archaea. [1] [2] It denotes the rules for naming taxa of bacteria, according to their relative rank.
An antigen-presenting cell ( APC) or accessory cell is a cell that displays an antigen bound by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins on its surface; this process is known as antigen presentation. T cells may recognize these complexes using their T cell receptors (TCRs). APCs process antigens and present them to T cells.
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